McHenry Megan S, Apondi Edith, Vreeman Rachel C
Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015 Jul;13(7):821-4. doi: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1051031. Epub 2015 May 29.
Although advances in HIV prevention and treatment suggest the possibility of creating an AIDS-free generation, many areas of the world still suffer from high rates of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Interventions proven to significantly decrease rates of MTCT of HIV are often unavailable in resource-limited settings due to lack of reliable clean water, low numbers of hospital deliveries and inconsistent availability of antiretroviral medications. Vitamin A, with its multiple roles in epithelial, reproductive and immune function, has been evaluated as a possible intervention for preventing MTCT. Early observational studies suggested an association between vitamin A deficiency and increased rates of MTCT of HIV; however, the controlled studies that followed did not find a benefit for vitamin A in decreasing MTCT rates. Although vitamin A has some benefits for infants postpartum, it is not recommended for the reduction of the risk of MTCT of HIV.
尽管在艾滋病毒预防和治疗方面取得的进展表明有可能创造一代无艾滋病的人，但世界上许多地区仍然面临着很高的艾滋病毒母婴传播率。由于缺乏可靠的清洁水源、医院分娩数量少以及抗逆转录病毒药物供应不稳定，在资源有限的环境中，已被证明能显著降低艾滋病毒母婴传播率的干预措施往往无法获得。维生素A在上皮、生殖和免疫功能中具有多种作用，已被评估为预防母婴传播的一种可能干预措施。早期的观察性研究表明维生素A缺乏与艾滋病毒母婴传播率增加之间存在关联；然而，随后的对照研究并未发现维生素A在降低母婴传播率方面有任何益处。尽管维生素A对产后婴儿有一些益处，但不建议将其用于降低艾滋病毒母婴传播风险。
