Sanmiguel Claudia, Gupta Arpana, Mayer Emeran A
Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Los Angeles, CA ; Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.
Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Los Angeles, CA ; Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA ; Department of Physiology, Los Angeles, CA ; Department of Psychiatry, Los Angeles, CA ; UCLA CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Curr Obes Rep. 2015 Jun;4(2):250-61. doi: 10.1007/s13679-015-0152-0.
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder that results in excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. Although obesity is caused by alterations in the energy consumption/expenditure balance, the factors promoting this disequilibrium are incompletely understood. The rapid development of new technologies and analysis strategies to decode the gut microbiota composition and metabolic pathways has opened a door into the complexity of the guest-host interactions between the gut microbiota and its human host in health and in disease. Pivotal studies have demonstrated that manipulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolic pathways can affect host's adiposity and metabolism. These observations have paved the way for further assessment of the mechanisms underlying these changes. In this review we summarize the current evidence for possible mechanisms underlying gut microbiota induced obesity. The review addresses some well-known effects of the gut microbiota on energy harvesting and changes in metabolic machinery, on metabolic and immune interactions and on possible changes in brain function and behavior. Although there is limited understanding on the symbiotic relationship between us and our gut microbiome, and how disturbances of this relationship affects our health, there is compelling evidence for an important role of the gut microbiota in the development and perpetuation of obesity.
肥胖是一种多因素疾病，会导致脂肪组织过度积累。尽管肥胖是由能量消耗/能量平衡的改变引起的，但促成这种失衡的因素尚未完全明了。用于解码肠道微生物群组成和代谢途径的新技术及分析策略的迅速发展，为探究肠道微生物群与其人类宿主在健康和疾病状态下复杂的共生关系打开了一扇门。关键研究表明，对肠道微生物群及其代谢途径的调控会影响宿主的肥胖和代谢情况。这些观察结果为进一步评估这些变化背后的机制铺平了道路。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于肠道微生物群导致肥胖潜在机制的证据。该综述探讨了肠道微生物群对能量获取、代谢机制变化、代谢与免疫相互作用以及脑功能和行为可能变化的一些已知影响。尽管我们对自身与肠道微生物群之间的共生关系以及这种关系的紊乱如何影响健康的了解有限，但有令人信服的证据表明肠道微生物群在肥胖的发生和持续发展中起着重要作用。
