Heras-Molina Ana, Estellé Jordi, Vázquez-Gómez Marta, López-García Adrián, Pesantez-Pacheco José-Luis, Astiz Susana, Garcia-Contreras Consolación, Escudero Rosa, Isabel Beatriz, Gonzalez-Bulnes Antonio, Óvilo Cristina
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UCM, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain.
CSIC-INIA, Madrid, Spain.
PLoS One. 2024 Dec 9;19(12):e0315199. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315199. eCollection 2024.
The gut microbiota of the pig is being increasingly studied due to its implications for host homeostasis and the importance of the pig as a meat source and biomedical model of human diseases. However, most studies comparing the microbiome between different breeds do not consider the influence of maternal environment during the colonization of the microbiota. The aim of the present study was to compare the gut microbiota during postnatal growth between two pig genotypes (purebred Iberian vs. crossbreds Iberian x Large White pigs), gestated in a single maternal environment (pure Iberian mothers) inseminated with heterospermic semen. Postnatally, piglets were maintained in the same environmental conditions, and their microbiota was studied at 60 and 210 days old. Results showed that age had the greatest influence on alpha and beta diversity, and genotype also affected beta diversity at both ages. There were differences in the microbiome profile between genotypes at the ASV and genus levels when jointly analyzing the total number of samples, which may help to explain phenotypical differences. When each time-point was analyzed individually, there were more differences at 210 days-old than 60 days-old. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were also affected by age, but not by genotype. These results may be a basis for further research on host genotype interactions with the gut microbiota.
由于猪的肠道微生物群对宿主内环境稳态具有重要意义，且猪作为肉类来源和人类疾病的生物医学模型具有重要地位，因此对其研究日益增多。然而，大多数比较不同品种微生物组的研究并未考虑微生物群定植期间母体环境的影响。本研究的目的是比较在单一母体环境（纯种伊比利亚母猪）中通过异种精液授精孕育的两种猪基因型（纯种伊比利亚猪与伊比利亚猪×大白猪杂交种）产后生长期间的肠道微生物群。出生后，仔猪饲养在相同的环境条件下，并在60日龄和210日龄时对其微生物群进行研究。结果表明，年龄对α和β多样性的影响最大，基因型在两个年龄段也对β多样性有影响。综合分析样本总数时，不同基因型在ASV和属水平的微生物组谱存在差异，这可能有助于解释表型差异。单独分析每个时间点时，210日龄时的差异比60日龄时更多。粪便短链脂肪酸（SCFA）也受年龄影响，但不受基因型影响。这些结果可能为进一步研究宿主基因型与肠道微生物群的相互作用奠定基础。
