Colquitt Charlie W, Martin Tonya S
1 College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tampa Bay Instructional Site, Tampa, FL, USA.
2 College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Jacksonville Instructional Site, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
J Pharm Pract. 2017 Feb;30(1):130-135. doi: 10.1177/0897190015585751. Epub 2016 Jul 8.
The prevention of pregnancy remains an important part of the practice of medicine. Contraception can occur at a number of points in the basic reproductive biological process and through a number of contraceptive product options. Pharmacists are health care providers appropriately positioned to assist patients in suitable contraceptive product selection based on their personal situations and lifestyles. This article provides an overview of available products for prevention of pregnancy and associated risks and benefits. Contraceptive products are categorized by their hormonal content and method of action. Hormonal options include oral contraceptive pills, contraceptive patch, implants, injection, intravaginal, and intrauterine devices. Barrier products prevent pregnancy by creating a physical obstacle to the successful fertilization of an egg by sperm. All products and methods are associated with benefits and potential complications that must be considered as patients, and health care providers select the most satisfactory option.
预防妊娠仍然是医学实践的重要组成部分。避孕可以在基本生殖生物学过程的多个环节实现，并且有多种避孕产品可供选择。药剂师作为医疗保健提供者，能够根据患者的个人情况和生活方式，为其选择合适的避孕产品提供恰当的帮助。本文概述了现有的预防妊娠产品及其相关风险和益处。避孕产品按其激素含量和作用方式进行分类。激素避孕选项包括口服避孕药、避孕贴片、植入剂、注射剂、阴道内用药和宫内节育器。屏障避孕产品通过对精子成功使卵子受精形成物理障碍来预防妊娠。所有产品和方法都有其益处和潜在并发症，患者和医疗保健提供者在选择最满意的选项时都必须予以考虑。
