Marinaro Jessica A, Goldstein Marc
Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Center for Male Reproductive Medicine & Microsurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2025;1469:245-272. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-82990-1_11.
There is a global need for effective, reversible contraception. While female hormonal options meet these criteria and are widely used, they are associated with side effects and may be contraindicated for women with certain pre-existing medical conditions. To meet the needs of women who cannot take or cannot tolerate these medications, several non-hormonal options are currently available, including copper intrauterine devices (IUDs), spermicides, and a new vaginal pH modulator (VPM). Several other options are currently in development, including vaginal rings, gels, and vaginally administered anti-sperm antibodies. For men, there are currently no contraceptive options available aside from condoms and vasectomy; however, several non-hormonal contraceptives targeting various aspects of sperm production and/or sperm function are currently under investigation. In this narrative review, we will discuss both the non-hormonal contraceptive methods currently available for women, as well as emerging non-hormonal medications, compounds, and devices for both genders.
全球都需要有效、可逆的避孕方法。虽然女性荷尔蒙避孕方法符合这些标准且被广泛使用，但它们会带来副作用，对于某些已有疾病的女性可能是禁忌的。为了满足无法服用或无法耐受这些药物的女性的需求，目前有几种非荷尔蒙避孕方法可供选择，包括铜宫内节育器（IUD）、杀精剂和一种新型阴道pH调节剂（VPM）。目前还有其他几种方法正在研发中，包括阴道环、凝胶和阴道给药的抗精子抗体。对于男性来说，除了避孕套和输精管切除术外，目前没有其他避孕选择；然而，目前有几种针对精子产生和/或精子功能各个方面的非荷尔蒙避孕药正在研究中。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们将讨论目前可供女性使用的非荷尔蒙避孕方法，以及正在出现的针对男女的非荷尔蒙药物、化合物和装置。
