Somvanshi Pramod R, Patel Anilkumar K, Bhartiya Sharad, Venkatesh K V
Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2015 Sep-Oct;7(5):301-16. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1307. Epub 2015 Jun 2.
Integral control design ensures that a key variable in a system is tightly maintained within acceptable levels. This approach has been widely used in engineering systems to ensure offset free operation in the presence of perturbations. Several biological systems employ such an integral control design to regulate cellular processes. An integral control design motif requires a negative feedback and an integrating process in the network loop. This review describes several biological systems, ranging from bacteria to higher organisms in which the presence of integral control principle has been hypothesized. The review highlights that in addition to the negative feedback, occurrence of zero-order kinetics in the process is a key element to realize the integral control strategy. Although the integral control motif is common to these systems, the mechanisms involved in achieving it are highly specific and can be incorporated at the level of signaling, metabolism, or at the phenotypic levels.
积分控制设计可确保系统中的关键变量严格维持在可接受水平内。这种方法已在工程系统中广泛应用，以确保在存在扰动的情况下实现无偏差运行。若干生物系统采用这种积分控制设计来调节细胞过程。积分控制设计模式在网络回路中需要负反馈和积分过程。本综述描述了几种生物系统，从细菌到高等生物，其中已假定存在积分控制原理。该综述强调，除了负反馈外，过程中零级动力学的出现是实现积分控制策略的关键要素。尽管积分控制模式在这些系统中很常见，但实现它所涉及的机制具有高度特异性，并且可以在信号传导、代谢或表型水平上纳入。
