Jiménez Jaime Teresa, Leiva Balich Laura, Barrera Acevedo Gladys, de la Maza Cave María Pía, Hirsch Birn Sandra, Henríquez Parada Sandra, Rodríguez Silva Juan, Bunout Barnett Daniel
Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos. Universidad de Chile, Chile..
Nutr Hosp. 2015 Jun 1;31(6):2428-36. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.6.8782.
Energy expenditure (EE) may decrease in subjects on hypocaloric diets, in amounts that exceed body mass loss, favoring weight regain.
To verify if a short-term caloric restriction lowers Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) and Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) more than predicted by changes in body composition, and if this reduction of EE is related with compliance to the diet.
Twenty-two women aged 23-44 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-32 kg/m2, underwent a three-month calorie restriction treatment (20 kcal/kg initial weight) and were encouraged to increase their physical activity. At the beginning and end of the intervention, body composition (DEXA), REE, Physical Activity Energy Expenditure (PAEE) and TEE were assessed, through a combination of indirect calorimetry and actigraphy. Participants, who lost more or equal than 5% of their initial weight were considered compliant with the diet.
In the compliant group, REE decreased, when expressed in absolute numbers or when adjusted by fat free mass (FFM) [-164 ± 168 kcal/day (10,6%) and -4,3 ± 4,6 kcal/kg FFM (10,5%)]. This decline was significantly greater than that observed in the non-compliant group [-6,2 ± 1.42 Kcal/day (0.16%) and -0,5 ± 3,4/Kg FFM (0.96%)]. FFM did not change in any of the two groups. At baseline, there was a significant correlation between FFM and REE (r = 0, 56 p < 0,05), which was lost at the end of the intervention.
Compliant women showed a significant reduction in both absolute and adjusted REE, which together with the loss of correlation between REE and FFM at the end of the intervention suggests a metabolic adaptation.
低热量饮食受试者的能量消耗（EE）可能会减少，其减少量超过体重减轻量，这有利于体重反弹。
验证短期热量限制是否会使静息能量消耗（REE）和总能量消耗（TEE）的降低幅度超过身体成分变化所预测的幅度，以及这种EE的降低是否与饮食依从性有关。
22名年龄在23 - 44岁、体重指数（BMI）为25 - 32 kg/m²的女性接受了为期三个月的热量限制治疗（20千卡/千克初始体重），并被鼓励增加身体活动。在干预开始和结束时，通过间接测热法和活动记录仪相结合的方式评估身体成分（双能X线吸收法）、REE、身体活动能量消耗（PAEE）和TEE。体重减轻等于或超过初始体重5%的参与者被认为饮食依从。
在依从组中，以绝对数值表示或通过去脂体重（FFM）调整后，REE均下降[-164 ± 168千卡/天（10.6%）和-4.3 ± 4.6千卡/千克FFM（10.5%）]。这种下降显著大于非依从组观察到的下降幅度[-6.2 ± 1.42千卡/天（0.16%）和-0.5 ± 3.4/千克FFM（0.96%）]。两组中FFM均未改变。在基线时，FFM与REE之间存在显著相关性（r = 0.56，p < 0.05），但在干预结束时这种相关性消失。
依从的女性在绝对REE和调整后的REE方面均有显著降低，干预结束时REE与FFM之间相关性的丧失表明存在代谢适应。
