可卡因和赌博成瘾中的认知灵活性的神经基础。
Neural substrates of cognitive flexibility in cocaine and gambling addictions.
机构信息
Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, PhD, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada. Granada, Spain; Luke Clark, PhD, Department of Psychology, Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, University of British Columbia, Canada; Juan Verdejo-Román, MSc, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Natalia Albein-Urios, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; José M. Martinez-Gonzalez, PhD, Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias, Diputacion de Granada, Granada, Spain; Blanca Gutierrez, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, PhD, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada. Granada, Spain; Luke Clark, PhD, Department of Psychology, Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, University of British Columbia, Canada; Juan Verdejo-Román, MSc, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Natalia Albein-Urios, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; José M. Martinez-Gonzalez, PhD, Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias, Diputacion de Granada, Granada, Spain; Blanca Gutierrez, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
出版信息
Br J Psychiatry. 2015 Aug;207(2):158-64. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.152223. Epub 2015 Jun 4.
BACKGROUND
Individuals with cocaine and gambling addictions exhibit cognitive flexibility deficits that may underlie persistence of harmful behaviours.
AIMS
We investigated the neural substrates of cognitive inflexibility in cocaine users v. pathological gamblers, aiming to disambiguate common mechanisms v. cocaine effects.
METHOD
Eighteen cocaine users, 18 pathological gamblers and 18 controls performed a probabilistic reversal learning task during functional magnetic resonance imaging, and were genotyped for the DRD2/ANKK Taq1A polymorphism.
RESULTS
Cocaine users and pathological gamblers exhibited reduced ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) signal during reversal shifting. Cocaine users further showed increased dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) activation relative to pathological gamblers during perseveration, and decreased dorsolateral PFC activation relative to pathological gamblers and controls during shifting. Preliminary genetic findings indicated that cocaine users carrying the DRD2/ANKK Taq1A1+ genotype may derive unique stimulatory effects on shifting-related ventrolateral PFC signal.
CONCLUSIONS
Reduced ventrolateral PFC activation during shifting may constitute a common neural marker across gambling and cocaine addictions. Additional cocaine-related effects relate to a wider pattern of task-related dysregulation, reflected in signal abnormalities in dorsolateral and dmPFC.
背景
可卡因成瘾者和赌博成瘾者表现出认知灵活性缺陷，这可能是导致有害行为持续存在的原因。
目的
我们研究了可卡因使用者和病理性赌博者认知灵活性的神经基础，旨在区分共同机制与可卡因效应。
方法
18 名可卡因使用者、18 名病理性赌博者和 18 名对照在功能磁共振成像期间进行了概率反转学习任务，并对 DRD2/ANKK Taq1A 多态性进行了基因分型。
结果
可卡因使用者和病理性赌博者在反转转换期间表现出腹外侧前额叶皮层（PFC）信号减少。与病理性赌博者和对照组相比，可卡因使用者在坚持期间表现出背内侧前额叶皮层（dmPFC）激活增加，而在转换期间表现出背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）激活减少。初步遗传发现表明，携带 DRD2/ANKK Taq1A1+基因型的可卡因使用者可能对与转换相关的腹外侧 PFC 信号产生独特的刺激作用。
结论
转换期间腹外侧 PFC 激活减少可能是赌博和可卡因成瘾的共同神经标志物。与可卡因相关的其他影响与更广泛的任务相关失调模式有关，反映在 dlPFC 和 dmPFC 的信号异常。
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