Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2015 Aug;40:28-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.05.006. Epub 2015 May 27.
Connecting suicidal individuals to appropriate mental health care services is a key component of suicide prevention efforts. This review aims to critically discuss the extant literature on help-seeking and mental health service utilization among individuals at elevated risk for suicide, as well as to outline challenges and future directions for research in this area. Across studies, the rate of mental health service use for those with past-year suicide ideation, plans, and/or attempts was approximately 29.5% based on weighted averages, with a lack of perceived need for services, preference for self-management, fear of hospitalization, and structural factors (e.g., time, finances) identified as key barriers to care. Studies also revealed facilitators to care, which include mental health literacy, positive views of services, and encouragement from family or friends to seek support. To address these low rates of help-seeking and barriers to care, a number of interventions have been developed, including psychoeducation-based programs, peer and gatekeeper training, and screening-based approaches. Despite these efforts, it appears that work is still needed to gauge the impact of these interventions on behavioral outcomes and to more rigorously test their effectiveness. Additional implications for future research on help-seeking among suicidal individuals are discussed.
将有自杀倾向的个体与适当的心理健康护理服务联系起来是预防自杀工作的一个关键组成部分。本综述旨在批判性地讨论有关处于自杀风险升高的个体寻求帮助和利用心理健康服务的现有文献，并概述该领域研究的挑战和未来方向。根据加权平均值，在过去一年有自杀意念、计划和/或尝试的个体中，约有 29.5%的人使用了心理健康服务，而缺乏对服务的需求、偏好自我管理、对住院的恐惧以及结构因素（例如时间、财务）被认为是寻求护理的主要障碍。研究还揭示了一些促进护理的因素，包括心理健康素养、对服务的积极看法以及家人或朋友鼓励寻求支持。为了解决这些寻求帮助率低和护理障碍的问题，已经开发了许多干预措施，包括基于心理教育的项目、同伴和守门员培训以及基于筛查的方法。尽管做出了这些努力，但似乎仍需要评估这些干预措施对行为结果的影响，并更严格地测试其有效性。还讨论了未来关于自杀个体寻求帮助的研究的其他影响。
