Kapur Rick, Zufferey Anne, Boilard Eric, Semple John W
Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada;
Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada;
J Immunol. 2015 Jun 15;194(12):5579-87. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500259.
Platelets are small cellular fragments with the primary physiological role of maintaining hemostasis. In addition to this well-described classical function, it is becoming increasingly clear that platelets have an intimate connection with infection and inflammation. This stems from several platelet characteristics, including their ability to bind infectious agents and secrete many immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as their expression of receptors for various immune effector and regulatory functions, such as TLRs, which allow them to sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Furthermore, platelets contain RNA that can be nascently translated under different environmental stresses, and they are able to release membrane microparticles that can transport inflammatory cargo to inflammatory cells. Interestingly, acute infections can also result in platelet breakdown and thrombocytopenia. This report highlights these relatively new aspects of platelets and, thus, their nonhemostatic nature in an inflammatory setting.
血小板是小的细胞碎片，其主要生理作用是维持止血。除了这种已被充分描述的经典功能外，越来越明显的是血小板与感染和炎症有着密切联系。这源于血小板的几个特性，包括它们结合感染因子以及分泌多种免疫调节细胞因子和趋化因子的能力，以及它们表达各种免疫效应和调节功能受体的能力，如Toll样受体（TLRs），这使它们能够感知病原体相关分子模式。此外，血小板含有可在不同环境压力下新生翻译的RNA，并且它们能够释放可将炎症物质转运至炎症细胞的膜微粒。有趣的是，急性感染也可导致血小板破坏和血小板减少。本报告强调了血小板这些相对较新的方面，以及因此它们在炎症环境中的非止血性质。
