Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2017 Jun 1;22(11):1867-1883. doi: 10.2741/4576.
Besides their undiscussed role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are also key effector cells capable of assisting and modulating inflammatory reactions and immune responses. Platelets play a sentinel role in immune surveillance by recognizing danger signals from pathogens and cell damage through the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) on its surface and internal compartments. Platelets express all 10 TLRs transcripts and its signalosome, including adaptor proteins and transcription factors. The activation of these receptors in platelets triggers hemostatic and inflammatory responses which participate in the host's response to bacterial and viral infections, linking thrombosis with infection and immunity. Among the responses elicited by the activation of platelet TLRs are platelet adhesion and aggregation, formation of mixed platelet-leukocyte aggregates, expression and secretion of cytokines and quemokines, and thrombin generation. TLRs also are expressed in megakaryocytes, and their activation regulates not only platelet biogenesis, but also pro-inflammatory and antiviral responses. This review will focus on work that has shown the role of platelet TLRs, mainly in thromboinflammatory responses elicited by platelets and megakaryocytes.
除了在止血和血栓形成中未被讨论的作用外，血小板还是能够辅助和调节炎症反应和免疫反应的关键效应细胞。血小板通过表面和内部隔室上表达的 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 识别病原体和细胞损伤的危险信号，在免疫监视中发挥哨兵作用。血小板表达所有 10 种 TLR 转录本及其信号转导体，包括衔接蛋白和转录因子。血小板中这些受体的激活引发止血和炎症反应，参与宿主对细菌和病毒感染的反应，将血栓形成与感染和免疫联系起来。血小板 TLR 激活引起的反应包括血小板黏附和聚集、混合血小板-白细胞聚集的形成、细胞因子和趋化因子的表达和分泌以及凝血酶生成。TLR 也在巨核细胞中表达，其激活不仅调节血小板的生成，还调节促炎和抗病毒反应。这篇综述将重点介绍表明血小板 TLR 作用的工作，主要是血小板和巨核细胞引起的血栓炎症反应。
