Yitbarek A, Echeverry H, Munyaka P, Rodriguez-Lecompte J C
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1 Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2 Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2.
Poult Sci. 2015 Aug;94(8):1802-11. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev147. Epub 2015 Jun 6.
Prebiotics and synbiotics are considered to be among the most promising replacements for in-feed antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in poultry feed. The current study was designed to study the effect of Bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) (Control), yeast-derived carbohydrates (YDC), and a blend of YDC and probiotics [Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis, and YDC] (SNB) in the performance and innate immune response of pullets. Feed intake and BW were measured on a weekly basis. At the end of the study (d 21), 10 birds/treatment were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and ileum, cecal tonsil, and spleen samples were collected for gene expression analysis. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in feed intake and G:F was observed among treatments. In the second and third wk age, higher BW gain was observed in SNB treatment compared to control and both control and YDC treatments, respectively. Expression of TLR2b was upregulated in YDC and SNB in the ileum, and in SNB in the spleen (P < 0.05). Expression of TLR4 was downregulated in SNB in the cecal tonsil. Expression of TLR21 was downregulated in YDC in the ileum, while it was upregulated in SNB in the spleen (P < 0.05). In the ileum, YDC resulted in downregulated IL-12p35, CxCLi2, and IL-13, and SNB resulted in upregulated IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-4 (P < 0.05). In the cecal tonsil, YDC resulted in upregulated IL-12p35, IL-2, IL-13 and IL-10, and SNB resulted in downregulated IL-2 and upregulated IL-13 and IL-10 (P < 0.05). In the spleen, YDC resulted in dowregulated IL-2 and CxCLi2, and SNB resulted in upregulated IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, no change in performance was observed. Innate immune response analysis showed SNB with a more potent effect compared to YDC where the former showed a balanced T-helper (Th)-1/Th-2 response locally and a more Th-2-dependent response systemically; SNB might provide a more beneficial immune modulation with maintaining immune homeostasis, which was observed in a strong IL-10 response.
益生元和合生元被认为是家禽饲料中最有前景的饲料用抗生素生长促进剂（AGP）替代品。本研究旨在研究亚甲基水杨酸杆菌肽（BMD）（对照）、酵母衍生碳水化合物（YDC）以及YDC与益生菌[嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、粪肠球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和YDC]的混合物（SNB）对小母鸡生产性能和先天免疫反应的影响。每周测量采食量和体重。在研究结束时（第21天），每个处理处死10只鸡，通过颈椎脱臼法采集回肠、盲肠扁桃体和脾脏样本用于基因表达分析。各处理间采食量和料重比无显著差异（P>0.05）。在第二和第三周龄时，与对照组以及对照组和YDC处理组相比，SNB处理组的体重增加更高。回肠中YDC和SNB组以及脾脏中SNB组的TLR2b表达上调（P<0.05）。盲肠扁桃体中SNB组的TLR4表达下调。回肠中YDC组的TLR21表达下调，而脾脏中SNB组的TLR21表达上调（P<0.05）。在回肠中，YDC导致IL-12p35、CxCLi2和IL-13表达下调，SNB导致IL-6、干扰素（IFN）-γ和IL-4表达上调（P<0.05）。在盲肠扁桃体中，YDC导致IL-12p35、IL-2、IL-13和IL-10表达上调，SNB导致IL-2表达下调，IL-13和IL-10表达上调（P<0.05）。在脾脏中，YDC导致IL-2和CxCLi2表达下调，SNB导致IL-6、IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-10表达上调（P<0.05）。总之，未观察到生产性能的变化。先天免疫反应分析表明，与YDC相比，SNB的作用更强，前者在局部表现出平衡的辅助性T细胞（Th）-1/Th-2反应，在全身表现出更强的依赖Th-2的反应系统；SNB可能通过维持免疫稳态提供更有益的免疫调节，这在强烈的IL-10反应中得到体现。
