Yang Gang, Tian Xiangli, Dong Shuanglin, Peng Mo, Wang Dongdong
The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2015 Aug;45(2):800-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.032. Epub 2015 Jun 4.
Probiotics have positive effects on the nutrient digestibility and absorption, immune responses, and growth of aquatic animals, including the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka). A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bacillus cereus G19, B. cereus BC-01 and Paracoccus marcusii DB11 supplementation on the growth, immune response, and expression level of four immune-related genes (Aj-p105, Aj-p50, Aj-rel, and Aj-lys) in coelomocytes and the intestine of juvenile sea cucumbers. One group was fed the basal diet (control group), while three other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with B. cereus G19 (G19 group), B. cereus BC-01 (BC group), or P. marcusii DB11 (PM group). The growth rate of sea cucumbers fed diets with probiotics supplementation was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Sea cucumbers in the G19 and PM groups had a significantly greater phagocytic activity of coelomocytes compared to the control group (P < 0.05), while those in the G19 and BC groups had a greater respiratory burst activity (P < 0.05). The alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity of coelomocytes in sea cucumbers fed diets with probiotics supplementation was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Comparatively, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of coelomocytes for sea cucumber in the PM group was significantly greater (P < 0.05). As for the immune-related genes, B. cereus G19 supplementation significantly increased the expression level of the Aj-rel gene in coelomocytes (P < 0.05), while B. cereus BC-01 supplementation significantly increased that of the Aj-p50 gene as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In the intestine, the relative expression level of Aj-p105, Aj-p50, and Aj-lys genes in the PM group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). These results suggested that B. cereus G19 and B. cereus BC-01 supplementation could improve the growth performance and the immune response in coelomocytes, while P. marcusii DB11 supplementation could have a positive effect on the growth performance and immune response in coelomocytes and the intestine of sea cucumbers.
益生菌对包括海参（日本刺参）在内的水生动物的营养消化吸收、免疫反应及生长具有积极作用。进行了一项为期60天的投喂试验，以评估添加蜡样芽孢杆菌G19、蜡样芽孢杆菌BC - 01和马库斯副球菌DB11对幼参体腔细胞和肠道中生长、免疫反应以及四个免疫相关基因（Aj - p105、Aj - p50、Aj - rel和Aj - lys）表达水平的影响。一组投喂基础饲料（对照组），而其他三组分别投喂添加了蜡样芽孢杆菌G19的基础饲料（G19组）、蜡样芽孢杆菌BC - 01的基础饲料（BC组）或马库斯副球菌DB11的基础饲料（PM组）。投喂添加益生菌饲料的海参生长速率显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，G19组和PM组的海参体腔细胞吞噬活性显著更高（P < 0.05），而G19组和BC组的海参体腔细胞呼吸爆发活性更高（P < 0.05）。投喂添加益生菌饲料的海参体腔细胞碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。相比之下，PM组海参体腔细胞超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著更高（P < 0.05）。至于免疫相关基因，添加蜡样芽孢杆菌G19显著提高了体腔细胞中Aj - rel基因的表达水平（P < 0.05），而添加蜡样芽孢杆菌BC - 01与对照组相比显著提高了Aj - p50基因的表达水平（P < 0.05）。在肠道中，PM组Aj - p105、Aj - p50和Aj - lys基因的相对表达水平显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。这些结果表明，添加蜡样芽孢杆菌G19和蜡样芽孢杆菌BC - 01可改善海参的生长性能和体腔细胞免疫反应，而添加马库斯副球菌DB11对海参体腔细胞和肠道的生长性能及免疫反应具有积极作用。
