Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway, PO Box 4950, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.
CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway, PO Box 4950, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
J Control Release. 2015 Aug 10;211:144-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.006. Epub 2015 Jun 6.
Albumin is the most abundant protein in blood and acts as a molecular taxi for a plethora of small insoluble substances such as nutrients, hormones, metals and toxins. In addition, it binds a range of medical drugs. It has an unusually long serum half-life of almost 3weeks, and although the structure and function of albumin has been studied for decades, a biological explanation for the long half-life has been lacking. Now, recent research has unravelled that albumin-binding cellular receptors play key roles in the homeostatic regulation of albumin. Here, we review our current understanding of albumin homeostasis with a particular focus on the impact of the cellular receptors, namely the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and the cubilin-megalin complex, and we discuss their importance on uses of albumin in drug delivery.
白蛋白是血液中最丰富的蛋白质，作为分子出租车，负责运输大量的小分子不溶性物质，如营养物质、激素、金属和毒素。此外，它还结合了一系列的药物。白蛋白的血清半衰期异常长，几乎为 3 周，尽管白蛋白的结构和功能已经研究了几十年，但对其长半衰期的生物学解释一直缺乏。现在，最近的研究揭示了白蛋白结合的细胞受体在白蛋白的体内平衡调节中起着关键作用。在这里，我们综述了我们目前对白蛋白体内平衡的理解，特别关注细胞受体，即新生儿 Fc 受体（FcRn）和 Cubilin-Megalin 复合物的作用，并讨论了它们在白蛋白作为药物载体的应用中的重要性。
