Rothschild Sacha I
Department Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Mol Cell Ther. 2014 Mar 4;2:7. doi: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-7. eCollection 2014.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a family of small non-coding RNA species that have been implicated in the control of many fundamental cellular and physiological processes such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and stem cell maintenance. miRNAs regulate gene expression by the sequence-selective targeting of mRNAs, leading to translational repression or mRNA degradation. Some microRNAs have been categorized as "oncomiRs" as opposed to "tumor suppressor miRs" Modulating the miRNA activities may provide exciting opportunities for cancer therapy. This review highlights the latest discovery of miRNAs involved in carcinogenesis as well as the potential applications of miRNA regulations in cancer treatment. Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of restoring tumor suppressive miRNAs and targeting oncogenic miRNAs for cancer therapy using in vivo model systems.
微小RNA（miRNA或miR）是一类小的非编码RNA，参与调控许多基本的细胞和生理过程，如细胞分化、增殖、凋亡以及干细胞维持。miRNA通过对mRNA进行序列选择性靶向作用来调控基因表达，从而导致翻译抑制或mRNA降解。一些微小RNA被归类为“致癌miRNA”，与“肿瘤抑制miRNA”相对。调节miRNA的活性可能为癌症治疗提供令人兴奋的机会。本综述重点介绍了参与致癌过程的miRNA的最新发现以及miRNA调控在癌症治疗中的潜在应用。多项研究已证明，使用体内模型系统恢复肿瘤抑制性miRNA并靶向致癌miRNA进行癌症治疗是可行的。
