Martins Marilaine, Lacerda Marcus Vinícius Guimarães, Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo, Moura Marco Antonio Saboia, Santos Eyde Cristianne Saraiva, Saraceni Valéria, Saraiva Maria Graças Gomes
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2015;48 Suppl 1:42-54. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0162-2014.
In the State of Amazonas, Brazil, urban expansion together with precarious basic sanitation conditions and human settlement on river banks has contributed to the persistence of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases. Time series of the recorded cases of cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A and leptospirosis are described, using data from different levels of the surveillance systems. The sources for intestinal parasitosis prevalence data (non-compulsory reporting in Brazil) were Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana (LILACS) and the annals of major scientific meetings. Relevant papers and abstracts in all languages were accessed by two independent reviewers. The references cited by each relevant paper were scrutinized to locate additional papers. Despite its initial dissemination across the entire State of Amazonas, cholera was controlled in 1998. The magnitude of typhoid fever has decreased; however, a pattern characterized by eventual outbreaks still remains. Leptospirosis is an increasing cause of concern in association with the annual floods. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites is high regardless of the municipality and the characteristics of areas and populations. The incidence of hepatitis A has decreased over the past decade. A comparison of older and recent surveys shows that the prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases has remained constant. The load of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases ranks high among the health problems present in the State of Amazonas. Interventions aiming at basic sanitation and vaccination for hepatitis A were formulated and implemented, but assessment of their effectiveness in the targeted populations is still needed.
在巴西的亚马孙州，城市扩张以及基本卫生条件差和河岸地区的人类定居点导致了水源性和肠道寄生虫病的持续存在。利用来自不同监测系统层面的数据，描述了霍乱、伤寒、甲型肝炎和钩端螺旋体病的病例记录时间序列。肠道寄生虫病患病率数据的来源（巴西非强制性报告）是医学文献分析和检索系统在线数据库（MEDLINE）、拉丁美洲文献数据库（LILACS）以及主要科学会议的年鉴。两名独立审稿人查阅了所有语言的相关论文和摘要。仔细审查了每篇相关论文引用的参考文献以查找其他论文。尽管霍乱最初在整个亚马孙州传播，但在1998年得到了控制。伤寒热的发病规模有所下降；然而，以最终爆发为特征的模式仍然存在。钩端螺旋体病因每年的洪水而日益令人担忧。无论城市以及地区和人群的特征如何，肠道寄生虫的总体患病率都很高。在过去十年中，甲型肝炎的发病率有所下降。对早期和近期调查的比较表明，肠道寄生虫病的患病率一直保持不变。在亚马孙州存在的健康问题中，水源性和肠道寄生虫病的负担位居前列。已制定并实施了针对基本卫生设施和甲型肝炎疫苗接种的干预措施，但仍需要评估其在目标人群中的有效性。
