Saraiva Maria das Graças Gomes, Santos Eyde Cristianne Saraiva, Saraceni Valéria, Rocha Lívia Laura dos Santos, Monte Rossicléia Lins, Albuquerque Bernardino Cláudio de, Bastos Michele de Souza, Santos Marcelo Cordeiro dos, Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo, Mourão Maria Paula Gomes, Guerra Marcus Vinitius de Farias, Lacerda Marcus Vinícius Guimarães de
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola e Solos, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2015;48 Suppl 1:79-86. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0116-2014.
In the State of Amazonas, particularly in the capital Manaus, meningitis has affected populations of different cultures and social strata over the years. Bacterial meningitis is caused by several different species and represents a major issue of public health importance. The present study reports the meningitis case numbers with different etiologies in Amazonas from January 1976 to December 2012.
Since the 1970s, the (currently named) Tropical Medicine Foundation of Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado [Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD)] has remained a reference center in Amazonas for the treatment of meningitis through the diagnosis and notification of cases and the confirmation of such cases using specific laboratory tests.
The foundation has achieved coverage of over 90% of the state medical records for many years. Between 1990 and 2012, meningitis cases caused by Haemophilus influenzae decreased with the introduction of the H. influenzae vaccine. Meningococcal disease previously had a higher frequency of serogroup B disease, but starting in 2008, the detection of serogroup C increased gradually and has outpaced the detection of serogroup B. Recently, surveillance has improved the etiological definition of viral meningitis at FMT-HVD, with enteroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) prevailing in this group of pathogens. With the advent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), cryptococcal meningitis has become an important disease in Amazonas. Additionally, infectious meningitis is an important burden in the State of Amazonas.
Changes in the epidemiological profile for the different etiology-defined cases are the result of continuous epidemiological surveillance and laboratory capacity improvements and control measures, such as Haemophilus influenzae vaccination.
在亚马孙州，尤其是在首府玛瑙斯，多年来脑膜炎影响了不同文化和社会阶层的人群。细菌性脑膜炎由多种不同菌种引起，是一个具有重要公共卫生意义的主要问题。本研究报告了1976年1月至2012年12月期间亚马孙州不同病因的脑膜炎病例数。
自20世纪70年代以来，（现名为）埃托尔·维埃拉·多拉多博士热带医学基金会[Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD)]一直是亚马孙州通过病例诊断、报告以及使用特定实验室检测方法确诊病例来治疗脑膜炎的参考中心。
多年来该基金会已覆盖该州90%以上的医疗记录。1990年至2012年期间，随着流感嗜血杆菌疫苗的引入，由流感嗜血杆菌引起的脑膜炎病例有所减少。以前脑膜炎球菌病中血清群B疾病的发病率较高，但从2008年开始，血清群C的检出率逐渐增加，现已超过血清群B的检出率。最近，监测改善了FMT-HVD对病毒性脑膜炎的病因定义，肠道病毒、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）和水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）在这组病原体中占主导地位。随着获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）的出现，隐球菌性脑膜炎在亚马孙州已成为一种重要疾病。此外，感染性脑膜炎是亚马孙州的一个重要负担。
不同病因定义病例的流行病学特征变化是持续进行流行病学监测、实验室能力提升以及采取诸如流感嗜血杆菌疫苗接种等控制措施的结果。
