Means L B, Small M, Capone D M, Capone T J, Condren R, Peterson M, Hayward B
Nassau County Department of Drug and Alcohol Addiction, Nassau County Medical Center, East Meadow, New York 11554.
Int J Addict. 1989 Aug;24(8):765-83. doi: 10.3109/10826088909047312.
A number of studies have begun to investigate the characteristics of cocaine abusers who are admitted to outpatient cocaine treatment programs. One study has published success rates for such treatment. A review of this literature indicates that much of what is known is based on clinical experience with what may be nonrepresentative samples of upper-middle socioeconomic status Caucasians. More systematic study and more representative samples are needed; the current study attempts to address these issues by sampling 81 clients admitted to a comprehensive outpatient cocaine program in a public agency, assessing demographics and treatment success. The results indicate that this sample is indeed different from those in most recent studies in race, marital status, income, employment, and other demographic variables. For example, the sample in this study included higher percentages of clients who were non-Caucasians, single, blue-collar or unemployed, and had relatively lower annual incomes. Fewer demographic variables than expected correlated with treatment success. Among factors that did correlate with such measures of treatment outcome as continuing in treatment (vs dropping out), percent of sessions attended, and alcohol- and drug-free were educational level, length of abstinence from cocaine prior to beginning treatment, number of previous treatments, secondary substance currently used, and quality of current living situation. Retention in treatment is similar to other published data but indicates that cocaine abusers are indeed difficult to engage and keep in treatment long enough to make a significant impact on their drug use.
一些研究已开始调查进入门诊可卡因治疗项目的可卡因滥用者的特征。一项研究公布了此类治疗的成功率。对该文献的综述表明，目前已知的很多内容是基于对社会经济地位处于中上层的高加索人这一可能不具代表性的样本的临床经验。需要进行更系统的研究并采用更具代表性的样本；当前的研究试图通过对一家公共机构中81名进入综合门诊可卡因项目的客户进行抽样、评估人口统计学特征和治疗成功率来解决这些问题。结果表明，该样本在种族、婚姻状况、收入、就业及其他人口统计学变量方面确实与最近的研究中的样本不同。例如，本研究中的样本包括较高比例的非高加索人、单身、蓝领或失业客户，且年收入相对较低。与治疗成功相关的人口统计学变量比预期的少。在与治疗结果的此类衡量指标（如继续接受治疗（而非退出）、参加治疗课程的百分比以及无酒精和无毒品状态）相关的因素中，有教育水平、开始治疗前戒除可卡因的时长、之前接受治疗的次数、当前使用的次要物质以及当前生活状况的质量。治疗保留率与其他已发表的数据相似，但表明可卡因滥用者确实很难参与并坚持接受足够长时间的治疗以对其吸毒行为产生重大影响。
