Strenger C
Department of Philosophy, Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem.
Int J Psychoanal. 1989;70 ( Pt 4):593-610.
Psychoanalysis is characterized by a tension to be found in intellectual history at least since the eighteenth century. The classic vision of man is that of distrust of the idiosyncratic and subjective and the emphasis on the need for objectivity and rationality. In psychoanalysis this is reflected in the attitude of benevolent suspicion which seeks the traces of the pleasure principle in order to allow maturation. It is exemplified here through Freud's work. The romantic vision sees man as essentially striving for full selfhood, and mental suffering is the result of the thwarting influence of the environment. Kohut, who is taken to exemplify this vision, takes an attitude in which he seeks for the healthy striving behind the seemingly ill and perverse. He emphasizes the human need for idealization as a normal phenomenon. The tension between classicism and romanticism expresses itself in clinical problems no less than in theory. It is argued that this tension is not to be resolved, as it reflects the tension between the human ability and need for full experience and the capacity for self reflection which is essential to maturity and wisdom.
精神分析的特点是至少自18世纪以来在思想史上就存在的一种张力。对人的经典看法是不信任特质性和主观性，强调客观性和理性的必要性。在精神分析中，这体现在善意怀疑的态度上，这种态度寻找快乐原则的痕迹以促进成熟。这一点在弗洛伊德的作品中得到了例证。浪漫主义观点认为人本质上在努力追求完整的自我，而精神痛苦是环境阻碍影响的结果。被视为这一观点例证的科胡特采取了一种态度，即他在看似病态和乖张的背后寻找健康的奋斗。他强调人类将理想化作为一种正常现象的需求。古典主义和浪漫主义之间的张力不仅在理论上，也在临床问题中表现出来。有人认为这种张力无法解决，因为它反映了人类充分体验的能力和需求与对成熟和智慧至关重要的自我反思能力之间的张力。
