Aggarwal Neil Krishan
New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 11, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
Psychiatr Q. 2015 Sep;86(3):337-42. doi: 10.1007/s11126-015-9374-2.
This paper addresses cultural issues in psychiatric administration and leadership through two issues: (1) the changing culture of psychiatric practice based on new clinician performance metrics and (2) the culture of psychiatric administration and leadership in light of organizational cultural competence. Regarding the first issue, some observers have discussed the challenges of creating novel practice environments that balance business values of efficient performance with fiduciary values of treatment competence. This paper expands upon this discussion, demonstrating that some metrics from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the nation's largest funder of postgraduate medical training, may penalize clinicians for patient medication behaviors that are unrelated to clinician performance. A focus on pharmacotherapy over psychotherapy in these metrics has unclear consequences for the future of psychiatric training. Regarding the second issue, studies of psychiatric administration and leadership reveal a disproportionate influence of older men in positions of power despite efforts to recruit women, minorities, and immigrants who increasingly constitute the psychiatric workforce. Organizational cultural competence initiatives can diversify institutional cultures so that psychiatric leaders better reflect the populations they serve. In both cases, psychiatric administrators and leaders play critical roles in ensuring that their organizations respond to social challenges.
(1)基于新的临床医生绩效指标,精神科实践文化的变化;(2)从组织文化能力的角度看精神科管理与领导的文化。关于第一个问题,一些观察家讨论了创建新型实践环境的挑战,这种环境要在高效绩效的商业价值与治疗能力的信托价值之间取得平衡。本文在此讨论基础上进行拓展,表明美国最大的研究生医学培训资助机构医疗保险与医疗补助服务中心(Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services)的一些指标,可能会因与临床医生表现无关的患者用药行为而惩罚临床医生。这些指标中对药物治疗而非心理治疗的关注,对精神科培训的未来会产生何种影响尚不明朗。关于第二个问题,对精神科管理与领导的研究表明,尽管努力招募女性、少数族裔和移民(他们日益构成精神科劳动力),但老年男性在权力职位上仍有过大影响力。组织文化能力倡议可以使机构文化多样化,以便精神科领导者能更好地反映他们所服务的人群。在这两种情况下,精神科管理人员和领导者在确保其组织应对社会挑战方面都发挥着关键作用。