Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
Environ Int. 2015 Oct;83:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.014. Epub 2015 Jun 11.
Exposure to endocrine disruptors, used as additives, preservatives, plasticisers and solvents in numerous consumer products, might cause adverse health effects. Humans exposed to these chemicals, metabolise and excrete them mostly via urine. Urinary metabolite concentrations are used as biomarkers of exposure. We evaluated the exposure of 4-month pregnant women and their children at 2 years of age to phthalates, parabens and bisphenol-A. Concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites, six parabens and bisphenol-A were measured in 239 mother-child pairs of the "Rhea" cohort in Greece. Concentration levels in mother and children were comparable with corresponding concentrations in other countries worldwide. Low Spearman correlation coefficients (CC 0.1-0.2, p-value < 0.01) were observed for di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBP) and ethyl paraben (EPB) between mothers and their children. We observed higher median daily intake (DIu) for mothers (e.g. di-ethyl phthalate 6.9 μg d(-1) kg(-1)) than for their children (1.4 μg d(-1) kg(-1)) for all examined compounds, except for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and bisphenol-A. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated two main sources of exposure (plastic related and personal care-hygiene products) for phthalates, parabens and bisphenol-A. Differences in DEHP metabolism were observed among mothers-children and female-male children.
接触内分泌干扰物，这些物质被用作添加剂、防腐剂、增塑剂和溶剂，存在于众多消费品中，可能对健康产生不良影响。人类接触这些化学物质后，主要通过尿液代谢和排泄。尿液代谢物浓度可作为暴露的生物标志物。我们评估了 4 个月大孕妇及其 2 岁儿童接触邻苯二甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸酯和双酚 A 的情况。在希腊 Rhea 队列的 239 对母婴中，测量了 8 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物、6 种对羟基苯甲酸酯和双酚 A 的浓度。母亲和儿童的浓度水平与全球其他国家的相应浓度相当。母亲和儿童之间的二乙基邻苯二甲酸酯（DEP）、二正丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（DnBP）、丁基苄基邻苯二甲酸酯（BBP）和乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯（EPB）的 Spearman 相关系数较低（0.1-0.2，p 值<0.01）。我们观察到母亲的每日摄入量（DIu）中位数较高（例如二乙基邻苯二甲酸酯 6.9μg/d/kg），而其儿童的摄入量（1.4μg/d/kg）较低，除了邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）和双酚 A 以外。主成分分析（PCA）表明，邻苯二甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸酯和双酚 A 有两个主要的暴露源（与塑料相关和个人护理卫生产品）。母亲-儿童和女性-男性儿童之间观察到 DEHP 代谢的差异。
