Montgomery Beronda L
Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA.
Front Microbiol. 2015 May 26;6:514. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00514. eCollection 2015.
The regulation of cellular dimension is important for the function and survival of cells. Cellular dimensions, such as size and shape, are regulated throughout the life cycle of bacteria and can be adapted in response to environmental changes to fine-tune cellular fitness. Cell size and shape are generally coordinated with cell growth and division. Cytoskeletal regulation of cell shape and cell wall biosynthesis and/or deposition occurs in a range of organisms. Photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, particularly exhibit light-dependent regulation of morphogenes and generation of reactive oxygen species and other signals that can impact cellular dimensions. Environmental signals initiate adjustments of cellular dimensions, which may be vitally important for optimizing resource acquisition and utilization or for coupling the cellular dimensions with the regulation of subcellular organization to maintain optimal metabolism. Although the involvement of cytoskeletal components in the regulation of cell shape is widely accepted, the signaling factors that regulate cytoskeletal and other distinct components involved in cell shape control, particularly in response to changes in external light cues, remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, factors impacting the inter-coordination of growth and division, the relationship between the regulation of cellular dimensions and central carbon metabolism, and consideration of the effects of specific environment signals, primarily light, on cell dimensions in cyanobacteria will be discussed. Current knowledge about the molecular bases of the light-dependent regulation of cellular dimensions and cell shape in cyanobacteria will be highlighted.
细胞大小的调控对于细胞的功能和存活至关重要。细胞大小和形状等细胞尺寸在细菌的整个生命周期中都受到调控，并且可以根据环境变化进行调整，以微调细胞适应性。细胞大小和形状通常与细胞生长和分裂相协调。细胞形状的细胞骨架调控以及细胞壁的生物合成和/或沉积在多种生物体中都存在。光合生物，如蓝细菌，特别表现出对形态发生的光依赖性调控以及活性氧和其他可能影响细胞尺寸的信号的产生。环境信号引发细胞尺寸的调整，这对于优化资源获取和利用或使细胞尺寸与亚细胞组织的调控相耦合以维持最佳代谢可能至关重要。尽管细胞骨架成分参与细胞形状调控已被广泛接受，但调控细胞形状控制中涉及的细胞骨架和其他不同成分的信号因子，特别是对外部光信号变化的响应，仍有待充分阐明。在本综述中，将讨论影响蓝细菌生长和分裂相互协调的因素、细胞尺寸调控与中心碳代谢之间的关系，以及特定环境信号（主要是光）对细胞尺寸的影响。将重点介绍目前关于蓝细菌中细胞尺寸和细胞形状的光依赖性调控的分子基础的知识。
