Siddaway Andy P, Taylor Peter J, Wood Alex M, Schulz Joerg
Behavioural Science Centre, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom.
Institute of Psychology, Health & Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
J Affect Disord. 2015 Sep 15;184:149-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.046. Epub 2015 Jun 3.
There is a burgeoning literature examining perceptions of being defeated or trapped in different psychiatric disorders. The disorders most frequently examined to date are depression, anxiety problems, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidality.
To quantify the size and consistency of perceptions of defeat and entrapment in depression, anxiety problems, PTSD and suicidality, test for differences across psychiatric disorders, and examine potential moderators and publication bias.
Random-effects meta-analyses based on Pearson's correlation coefficient r.
Forty studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 10,072). Perceptions of defeat and entrapment were strong (around r = 0.60) and similar in size across all four psychiatric disorders. Perceptions of defeat were particularly strong in depression (r = 0.73). There was no between-study heterogeneity; therefore moderator analyses were conducted in an exploratory fashion. There was no evidence of publication bias.
Analyses were cross-sectional, which precludes establishing temporal precedence or causality. Some of the meta-analyses were based on relatively small numbers of effect sizes, which may limit their generalisability.
Perceptions of defeat and entrapment are clinically important in depression, anxiety problems, PTSD, and suicidality. Similar-sized, strong relationships across four different psychiatric disorders could suggest that perceptions of defeat and entrapment are transdiagnostic constructs. The results suggest that clinicians and researchers need to become more aware of perceptions of defeat and entrapment.
目前有大量文献探讨了在不同精神疾病中对挫败或被困的认知。迄今为止研究最频繁的疾病是抑郁症、焦虑症、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和自杀倾向。
量化抑郁症、焦虑症、创伤后应激障碍和自杀倾向中挫败与被困认知的程度和一致性，检验不同精神疾病之间的差异，并考察潜在的调节因素和发表偏倚。
基于皮尔逊相关系数r进行随机效应荟萃分析。
荟萃分析纳入了40项研究（n = 10,072）。在所有四种精神疾病中，挫败与被困的认知都很强烈（约r = 0.60），且程度相似。在抑郁症中，挫败的认知尤为强烈（r = 0.73）。研究间不存在异质性；因此以探索性方式进行调节因素分析。没有证据表明存在发表偏倚。
分析为横断面研究，这排除了确定时间先后顺序或因果关系的可能性。一些荟萃分析基于相对较少的效应量，这可能会限制其普遍性。
挫败与被困的认知在抑郁症、焦虑症、创伤后应激障碍和自杀倾向中具有临床重要性。四种不同精神疾病中大小相似的强烈关系可能表明，挫败与被困的认知是跨诊断的结构。结果表明临床医生和研究人员需要更加关注挫败与被困的认知。
