Handler Alfred M
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
Insect Sci. 2016 Apr;23(2):225-34. doi: 10.1111/1744-7917.12245. Epub 2015 Oct 26.
The genetic manipulation of agriculturally important insects now allows the development of genetic sexing and male sterility systems for more highly efficient biologically-based population control programs, most notably the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), for both plant and animal insect pests. Tetracycline-suppressible (Tet-off) conditional lethal systems may function together so that transgenic strains will be viable and fertile on a tetracycline-containing diet, but female-lethal and male sterile in tetracycline-free conditions. This would allow their most efficacious use in a unified system for sterile male-only production for SIT. A critical consideration for the field release of such transgenic insect strains, however, is a determination of the frequency and genetic basis of lethality revertant survival. This will provide knowledge essential to evaluating the genetic stability of the lethality system, its environmental safety, and provide the basis for modifications ensuring optimal efficacy. For Tet-off lethal survival determinations, development of large-scale screening protocols should also allow the testing of these modifications, and test the ability of other conditional lethal systems to fully suppress propagation of rare Tet-off survivors. If a dominant temperature sensitive (DTS) pupal lethality system proves efficient for secondary lethality in Drosophila, it may provide the safeguard needed to support the release of sexing/sterility strains, and potentially, the release of unisex lethality strains as a form of genetic male sterility. Should the DTS Prosβ2(1) mutation prove effective for redundant lethality, its high level of structural and functional conservation should allow host-specific cognates to be created for a wide range of insect species.
对具有农业重要性的昆虫进行基因操纵，现在能够开发出基因性别鉴定和雄性不育系统，用于更高效的基于生物学的种群控制计划，最显著的是用于植物和动物害虫防治的不育昆虫技术（SIT）。四环素可抑制（Tet-off）条件致死系统可以共同发挥作用，使转基因品系在含有四环素的饲料上能够存活并繁殖，但在无四环素的条件下雌性致死且雄性不育。这将使它们在用于SIT的仅生产不育雄性的统一系统中得到最有效的应用。然而，对于此类转基因昆虫品系的田间释放，一个关键的考虑因素是确定致死回复体存活的频率和遗传基础。这将为评估致死系统的遗传稳定性及其环境安全性提供必要的知识，并为确保最佳效果的改良提供依据。对于Tet-off致死存活的测定，大规模筛选方案的开发还应允许对这些改良进行测试，并测试其他条件致死系统完全抑制罕见Tet-off存活者繁殖的能力。如果显性温度敏感（DTS）蛹期致死系统在果蝇中被证明对二次致死有效，它可能提供支持性别鉴定/不育品系释放所需的保障，并且有可能释放单性致死品系作为遗传雄性不育的一种形式。如果DTS Prosβ2(1)突变被证明对冗余致死有效，其高度的结构和功能保守性应允许为广泛的昆虫物种创建宿主特异性同源物。
