Hylden Christina, Johnson Anthony E, Rivera Jessica C
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX.
US Army Med Dep J. 2015 Apr-Jun:80-5.
Although there has been interest in the literature regarding the casualties within the recent US military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, very little to date has looked specifically at a difference between the sexes. As the role of the female Soldier has changed over the years, so have the risk and the nature of the female casualty. Combat injuries in women are an important medical consideration that has yet to be studied. For the purposes of this study, the following questions pertained: Do female and male casualties from the US military in recent conflicts differ in age, service, rank, military operation, or other demographic characteristics? Do female and male casualties from the US military in recent conflicts differ in their injury characteristics such as Injury Severity Score (ISS), Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS), injury type (blunt versus penetrating), injury cause (mechanism of injury), and injury date? The Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DoDTR) was queried, returning results for 425 female and 14,982 male subjects who sustained musculoskeletal injuries from October 2003 (beginning of hostilities in Iraq) to December 2012. The female and male cohorts were compared and analyzed for significance in demographics (age, service, rank, and military operation) and injury characteristics (ISS, AIS, injury type, injury cause, and injury date). Female casualties differ from their male counterparts in that they are slightly younger (F=26.11, M=27.83 years; P<.001), proportionally more female casualties were in the Army (F=81.5%, M=72.2%; P<.001), and proportionally more women were injured during Operation Iraqi Freedom (F=75.6%, M=63.2%; P<.001). Female casualties showed on average lower ISS (F=7.49; M=9.68; P<.001) and lower AIS specific to the skeletal anatomic region (F=2.06; M=2.36; P<.001); however when broken down into battle versus nonbattle injury, the difference disappeared. Women were less likely to be injured in battle (F=33.1%; M=70.9%; P<.001) and less likely to be injured due to an explosive device (F=27.7%, M=55.2%; P<.001). Women comprised 2.75% of the DoDTR casualties during the studied time frame and were less likely to be involved in explosions or during battle. The ISS were significantly different when comparing battle and nonbattle injuries for both of the sexes. However, since men were more likely to be injured in battle, their total ISS mean was higher.
尽管文献中对美国近期在伊拉克和阿富汗军事冲突中的伤亡情况有所关注，但迄今为止，很少有研究专门探讨性别差异。多年来，随着女兵角色的变化，女性伤亡的风险和性质也发生了改变。女性战斗伤亡是一个尚未得到研究的重要医学问题。本研究旨在探讨以下问题：在近期冲突中，美国军队的女性和男性伤亡人员在年龄、服役情况、军衔、军事行动或其他人口统计学特征方面是否存在差异？在近期冲突中，美国军队的女性和男性伤亡人员在损伤特征方面是否存在差异，如损伤严重程度评分（ISS）、简明损伤评分（AIS）、损伤类型（钝器伤与穿透伤）、损伤原因（致伤机制）和受伤日期？查询了国防部创伤登记处（DoDTR），得到了2003年10月（伊拉克战争开始）至2012年12月期间425名女性和14982名男性遭受肌肉骨骼损伤的结果。对女性和男性队列在人口统计学（年龄、服役情况、军衔和军事行动）和损伤特征（ISS、AIS、损伤类型、损伤原因和受伤日期）方面进行了比较和分析，以确定其显著性。女性伤亡人员与男性伤亡人员的不同之处在于，她们年龄稍小（女性平均年龄26.11岁，男性平均年龄27.83岁；P<0.001），按比例计算，更多女性伤亡人员来自陆军（女性占81.5%，男性占72.2%；P<0.001），按比例计算，更多女性在伊拉克自由行动期间受伤（女性占75.6%，男性伤亡时，女性伤亡人数占DoDTR伤亡人数的2.75%，且她们较少参与爆炸或战斗。比较男女两性的战斗伤和非战斗伤时，ISS存在显著差异。然而，由于男性更有可能在战斗中受伤，他们的ISS总平均值更高。
