Tactical Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, QLD, 4229, Australia.
School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia.
BMC Womens Health. 2022 Jul 25;22(1):310. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01899-4.
An effective military force is required to be agile, capable, efficient, and potent. Injuries to military personnel interrupt active-duty service and can detract from overall capability. These injuries are associated with a high individual and organizational burden, with lost work time and financial costs-all problematic for the ongoing functioning of a military force. Injury control strategies have therefore been described as force multipliers. Female personnel form an integral part of any modern defence force, but little research has examined their specific experiences of injury, to inform targeted injury control efforts. The aim of this review was to identify and synthesise findings from studies of injury rates and patterns in female military personnel, comparing them to those of male personnel.
A systematic search was conducted for studies which compared injury rates between the sexes at any stage of military service, from basic training through to deployment. Databases searched included PUBMED, CINAHL and Medline through OVID. Methodological quality of eligible articles was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), and AXIS tools and data were extracted, synthesized, and, where possible, underwent meta-analysis.
Of 2287 identified studies, a total of 25 studies were eligible and included. Methodological quality ranged from 60% up to a perfect score of 100%, with an average of 82% across all studies. Relative risks for injuries (reported as RR [95%CI]) to females when compared to males were 2.10 [1.89-2.33] during basic training, 1.70 [1.33-2.17] during officer training, and 1.23 [1.05-1.43] post initial training. After adjustment for differences between the sexes in average fitness levels (2-mile run time), there was no longer a significant difference in injury rates (adjusted RR: 0.95 [0.86-1.05]). Female personnel tended to make bigger improvements in their fitness during basic training than males and tended to report their injuries more frequently and sooner than males.
While this review found a higher rate of reported injuries in female military personnel when compared to male personnel, differences between the sexes in average fitness levels and injury reporting behaviours may largely explain this rate difference. The difference in rates of reported injuries was greatest during basic training, and reduced thereafter, possibly due in part to a reduced difference in fitness between the sexes or increased opportunity to self-determine workloads relative to fitness levels.
一支高效能的军队必须具备灵活性、高效性和强大的战斗力。军人受伤会中断现役服务，从而降低整体战斗力。这些伤害不仅给个人和组织带来了沉重的负担，还导致工作时间和经济成本的损失，这对军队的持续运作构成了问题。因此，人们将伤害控制策略描述为战斗力倍增器。女性是现代国防力量不可或缺的一部分，但很少有研究关注她们在受伤方面的具体经历，以制定有针对性的伤害控制措施。本研究旨在确定和综合比较女性军人与男性军人在各阶段军事服务期间（从基础训练到部署）的受伤率和模式的研究结果。
通过 PUBMED、CINAHL 和 Medline 数据库，对比较两性在军事服务任何阶段（从基础训练到部署）受伤率的研究进行了系统检索。使用 Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP)、AXIS 工具评估合格文章的方法学质量，并提取、综合数据，在可能的情况下进行荟萃分析。
在 2287 项已识别的研究中，共有 25 项研究符合条件并被纳入。研究的方法学质量从 60%到 100%的完美评分不等，所有研究的平均评分为 82%。与男性相比，女性在基础训练期间受伤的相对风险（报告为 RR [95%CI]）为 2.10 [1.89-2.33]，在军官训练期间为 1.70 [1.33-2.17]，在初始训练后为 1.23 [1.05-1.43]。调整性别间平均体能水平（2 英里跑时间）的差异后，受伤率无显著差异（调整 RR：0.95 [0.86-1.05]）。女性在基础训练期间体能提高幅度大于男性，且比男性更频繁、更早地报告受伤情况。
虽然本研究发现女性军人报告的受伤率高于男性，但性别间的平均体能水平和受伤报告行为的差异可能在很大程度上解释了这种差异。在基础训练期间，男女之间报告的受伤率差异最大，此后逐渐减少，这可能部分归因于两性之间的体能差异缩小或相对于体能水平而言，自我决定工作量的机会增加。
