Torday John S
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502-2006, USA.
Biology (Basel). 2015 Jun 19;4(2):443-59. doi: 10.3390/biology4020443.
In contrast to the probabilistic way of thinking about pleiotropy as the random expression of a single gene that generates two or more distinct phenotypic traits, it is actually a deterministic consequence of the evolution of complex physiology from the unicellular state. Pleiotropic novelties emerge through recombinations and permutations of cell-cell signaling exercised during reproduction based on both past and present physical and physiologic conditions, in service to the future needs of the organism for its continued survival. Functional homologies ranging from the lung to the kidney, skin, brain, thyroid and pituitary exemplify the evolutionary mechanistic strategy of pleiotropy. The power of this perspective is exemplified by the resolution of evolutionary gradualism and punctuated equilibrium in much the same way that Niels Bohr resolved the paradoxical duality of light as Complementarity.
与将多效性视为单个基因的随机表达从而产生两个或更多不同表型特征的概率性思维方式不同，实际上它是从单细胞状态进化而来的复杂生理学的确定性结果。多效性新奇特征通过基于过去和当前的物理及生理条件在繁殖过程中行使的细胞间信号传导的重组和排列而出现，以满足生物体未来持续生存的需求。从肺到肾、皮肤、大脑、甲状腺和垂体的功能同源性体现了多效性的进化机制策略。这种观点的力量体现在进化渐变论和间断平衡的解决上，其方式与尼尔斯·玻尔将光的矛盾二元性解析为互补性的方式非常相似。
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