Farb Norman, Daubenmier Jennifer, Price Cynthia J, Gard Tim, Kerr Catherine, Dunn Barnaby D, Klein Anne Carolyn, Paulus Martin P, Mehling Wolf E
University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON Canada.
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA.
Front Psychol. 2015 Jun 9;6:763. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00763. eCollection 2015.
Interoception can be broadly defined as the sense of signals originating within the body. As such, interoception is critical for our sense of embodiment, motivation, and well-being. And yet, despite its importance, interoception remains poorly understood within modern science. This paper reviews interdisciplinary perspectives on interoception, with the goal of presenting a unified perspective from diverse fields such as neuroscience, clinical practice, and contemplative studies. It is hoped that this integrative effort will advance our understanding of how interoception determines well-being, and identify the central challenges to such understanding. To this end, we introduce an expanded taxonomy of interoceptive processes, arguing that many of these processes can be understood through an emerging predictive coding model for mind-body integration. The model, which describes the tension between expected and felt body sensation, parallels contemplative theories, and implicates interoception in a variety of affective and psychosomatic disorders. We conclude that maladaptive construal of bodily sensations may lie at the heart of many contemporary maladies, and that contemplative practices may attenuate these interpretative biases, restoring a person's sense of presence and agency in the world.
内感受可以被宽泛地定义为源自身体内部的信号感知。因此，内感受对于我们的身体感知、动机和幸福感至关重要。然而，尽管其重要性，现代科学对内感受的理解仍然不足。本文回顾了关于内感受的跨学科观点，目的是从神经科学、临床实践和冥想研究等不同领域呈现一个统一的视角。希望这种整合的努力将推进我们对内感受如何决定幸福感的理解，并识别这种理解的核心挑战。为此，我们引入了一个扩展的内感受过程分类法，认为其中许多过程可以通过一种新兴的身心整合预测编码模型来理解。该模型描述了预期身体感觉和实际身体感觉之间的张力，与冥想理论相似，并将内感受与多种情感和身心障碍联系起来。我们得出结论，对身体感觉的适应不良解释可能是许多当代疾病的核心，而冥想练习可能会减弱这些解释偏差，恢复一个人在世界中的存在感和能动性。
