Mund Marcus, Neyer Franz J
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena.
J Pers. 2016 Oct;84(5):646-57. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12188. Epub 2015 Jul 15.
Prior research demonstrated influences of personality traits and their development on later status of subjective health and loneliness. In the present study, we intended to extend these findings by examining mutual influences between health-related characteristics and personality traits and their development over time. German adults were assessed at two time points across 15 years (NT1 = 654, NT2 = 271; Mage at Time 1 = 24.39, SD = 3.69). Data were analyzed with multivariate structural equation models and a multivariate latent change model. Neuroticism was found to predict later levels and the development of subjective health and loneliness. While subjective health likewise predicted later levels of Neuroticism, loneliness was found to be predictive of later levels as well as the development of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness. Correlated changes indicated that developing a socially more desirable personality is associated with slower declines in subjective health and slower increases in loneliness. The findings indicate that characteristics related to an individual's health are reciprocally associated with personality traits. Thus, the study adds to the understanding of the development of personality and health-related characteristics.
先前的研究表明人格特质及其发展对后期主观健康状况和孤独感有影响。在本研究中，我们旨在通过考察与健康相关的特征和人格特质之间的相互影响及其随时间的发展来扩展这些发现。对德国成年人在15年中的两个时间点进行了评估（第一次评估时N = 654，第二次评估时N = 271；第一次评估时的年龄均值 = 24.39，标准差 = 3.69）。使用多元结构方程模型和多元潜在变化模型对数据进行了分析。结果发现神经质可以预测后期主观健康状况和孤独感的水平及其发展。虽然主观健康状况同样可以预测后期神经质的水平，但孤独感被发现既可以预测后期水平，也可以预测神经质、外向性和尽责性的发展。相关变化表明，发展出在社交方面更令人向往的人格与主观健康状况的较慢下降和孤独感的较慢增加有关。研究结果表明，与个体健康相关的特征与人格特质相互关联。因此，该研究增进了我们对人格和与健康相关特征发展的理解。
