胚胎发育。BMP 梯度：形态发生素介导的发育模式形成的范例。

EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT. BMP gradients: A paradigm for morphogen-mediated developmental patterning.

机构信息

Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92095-0349, USA.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA. Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA.

出版信息

Science. 2015 Jun 26;348(6242):aaa5838. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5838.

DOI:10.1126/science.aaa5838

PMID:26113727

Abstract

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) act in dose-dependent fashion to regulate cell fate choices in a myriad of developmental contexts. In early vertebrate and invertebrate embryos, BMPs and their antagonists establish epidermal versus central nervous system domains. In this highly conserved system, BMP antagonists mediate the neural-inductive activities proposed by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold nearly a century ago. BMPs distributed in gradients subsequently function as morphogens to subdivide the three germ layers into distinct territories and act to organize body axes, regulate growth, maintain stem cell niches, or signal inductively across germ layers. In this Review, we summarize the variety of mechanisms that contribute to generating reliable developmental responses to BMP gradients and other morphogen systems.

摘要

骨形态发生蛋白（BMPs）在多种发育环境中以剂量依赖的方式作用，调节细胞命运选择。在早期的脊椎动物和无脊椎动物胚胎中，BMP 及其拮抗剂建立了表皮与中枢神经系统区域。在这个高度保守的系统中，BMP 拮抗剂介导了 Hans Spemann 和 Hilde Mangold 近一个世纪前提出的神经诱导活性。随后，呈梯度分布的 BMP 作为形态发生素，将三个胚层细分为不同的区域，并作用于组织体轴、调节生长、维持干细胞龛，或在胚层间诱导信号。在这篇综述中，我们总结了各种机制，这些机制有助于对 BMP 梯度和其他形态发生素系统产生可靠的发育反应。