Pavičin Ivana Savić, Dumančić Jelena, Badel Tomislav, Vodanović Marin
Department of Dental Anthropology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Dental Anthropology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Ann Anat. 2016 Jan;203:19-23. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.05.004. Epub 2015 Jun 12.
Variations in the timing of emergence of primary teeth are under strong genetic control, but there is also a significant contribution from external factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of preterm birth, birth weight and length, and feeding practices during the first 6 months of life on the timing of emergence of the first primary tooth. Data on pregnancy duration, birth weight and length, feeding practice, time of emergence and first emerged primary tooth were collected by electronic questionnaires. The study included 409 parents and 592 children of both genders. The sample was divided into two groups according to pregnancy duration (<37 weeks and ≥37 weeks), three groups according to feeding practice (exclusively breastfed, exclusively bottle fed, and a combination of breast feeding and bottle feeding), three groups by birth length (<50, 50-53, >53cm), and four groups by birth weight (<1500, 1500-2500, 2501-3500, >3500g). Data were analyzed considering chronological and postmenstrual age-which is the gestational age plus the infant's chronological age at the month of emergence of the first primary tooth. The mean time of first primary tooth emergence was 7.55±2.67 months when chronological age was considered. The first emerged tooth in most cases was a lower incisor (82.33%). There was a statistically significant difference in the timing of the first tooth emergence between preterm and full-term groups when chronological age was considered (p<0.005). However, no difference was found when age was adjusted. The age of emergence of the first tooth differed significantly when feeding, weight, and length groups (p<0. 05) were taken into account. In conclusion, the study indicates that shortened gestational age and very low birth weight are predictors for later ages of emergence of the first primary tooth.
乳牙萌出时间的变化受到强大的基因控制，但外部因素也有显著影响。本研究的目的是评估早产、出生体重和身长以及出生后头6个月的喂养方式对第一颗乳牙萌出时间的影响。通过电子问卷收集了关于孕期时长、出生体重和身长、喂养方式、萌出时间以及第一颗萌出乳牙的数据。该研究纳入了409名家长和592名男女儿童。样本根据孕期时长（<37周和≥37周）分为两组，根据喂养方式（纯母乳喂养、纯奶瓶喂养以及母乳喂养和奶瓶喂养相结合）分为三组，根据出生身长（<50、50 - 53、>53厘米）分为三组，根据出生体重（<1500、1500 - 2500、2501 - 3500、>3500克）分为四组。分析数据时考虑了实际年龄和月经后年龄，月经后年龄即胎龄加上第一颗乳牙萌出当月婴儿的实际年龄。考虑实际年龄时，第一颗乳牙萌出的平均时间为7.55±2.67个月。大多数情况下第一颗萌出的牙齿是下切牙（82.33%）。考虑实际年龄时，早产组和足月组第一颗牙齿萌出时间存在统计学显著差异（p<0.005）。然而，调整年龄后未发现差异。考虑喂养方式、体重和身长分组时，第一颗牙齿的萌出年龄有显著差异（p<0.05）。总之，该研究表明孕周缩短和极低出生体重是第一颗乳牙萌出较晚的预测因素。
