Mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the lung: A case report.

In the present study, a 79-year-old male was referred to Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital due to an abnormal shadow that was revealed on a chest X-ray. The patient possessed a five-year history of consolidation in the right lower lobe, which was diagnosed as chronic aspiration pneumonia and followed up. However, the abnormal shadow adjacent to the pleura gradually increased in size and a novel mass appeared in the right lower lobe that rapidly increased in size. A repeat biopsy revealed a combination of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with a clinical tumor-node-metastasis (cTNM) stage of cT2bN2M0 (stage 3A) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma at Ann Arbor stage 1E. Chemoradiotherapy markedly affected the lesion and the size of the mass was significantly reduced subsequent to four cycles of chemotherapy, which was considered to be a near complete response. The present study reports an extremely rare combination of tumors. The disease course was followed over a period of six years, which included the onset of disease, and the present case may therefore be valuable in clarifying the mechanism of lung cancer development.