Oyedeji Olusola Adetunji, Gbolahan Olalere Omoyosola, Abe Elizabeth Oluwatoyin, Agelebe Efeturi
Department of Paediatrics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University college Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Pan Afr Med J. 2015 Mar 24;20:287. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.287.5273. eCollection 2015.
Oral diseases in the HIV infected children though commonly encountered are under researched and often overlooked by physicians in developing countries. The aim of this study is to document the types and frequency of oral lesions in HIV infected children and examine the effects of management with HAART on their rates.
A cross sectional study designed to identify the oral lesions in consecutive HIV infected children and their distribution at a Paediatric Anti-retroviral clinic. Information on oral disease and clinical features of the subjects were obtained by history and clinical examination and laboratory investigations by the pediatricians and dental surgeons.
The 58 children studied consisted of 34 boys and 24 girls with their ages ranging from 3 months to 13 years. Thirty seven (63.8%) of the 58 children had oral diseases. Enamel hypoplasia, candidiasis, caries, angular chelitis, and herpes labialis were the most common oral lesions found in the patients. Oral soft tissue lesions were less frequently encountered among children on HAART. Statistical significance was recorded among those infected with candidiasis. More than 60% of the children diagnosed with oral disease had no knowledge of the state of their oral health before the study.
Oral diseases are very common amongst the children studied. Awareness of oral disease among the children and their caregivers is low. Administration of HAART may have a preventive effect on the development of oral soft tissue disease. There is a need to integrate dental care into the paediatric HIV care programs.
尽管在感染艾滋病毒的儿童中口腔疾病很常见,但在发展中国家,这方面的研究不足,往往被医生忽视。本研究的目的是记录感染艾滋病毒儿童口腔病变的类型和频率,并研究高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)对其发病率的影响。
一项横断面研究,旨在确定一家儿科抗逆转录病毒诊所中连续就诊的感染艾滋病毒儿童的口腔病变及其分布情况。通过病史、临床检查以及儿科医生和牙科医生的实验室检查,获取有关受试者口腔疾病和临床特征的信息。
所研究的58名儿童中,有34名男孩和24名女孩,年龄从3个月至13岁不等。58名儿童中有37名(63.8%)患有口腔疾病。釉质发育不全、念珠菌病、龋齿、口角炎和唇疱疹是患者中最常见的口腔病变。接受HAART治疗的儿童口腔软组织病变较少见。念珠菌感染患者中差异具有统计学意义。超过60%被诊断患有口腔疾病的儿童在研究前对自己的口腔健康状况一无所知。
在所研究的儿童中,口腔疾病非常普遍。儿童及其照顾者对口腔疾病的认知度较低。HAART治疗可能对口腔软组织疾病的发展具有预防作用。有必要将牙科护理纳入儿科艾滋病毒护理项目中。