照顾者报告的肯尼亚未感染、暴露和感染 HIV 的儿童中与 HIV 相关的口腔表现。

Caregivers' report of HIV-associated oral manifestations among HIV-unexposed, exposed, and infected Kenyan children.

机构信息

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

出版信息

Int J Paediatr Dent. 2021 Nov;31(6):708-715. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12771. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

DOI:10.1111/ipd.12771

PMID:33368736

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9162147/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Few oral health studies have been conducted in HIV-exposed uninfected children, who, like their HIV-infected peers, have altered immunity and perinatal drug exposures.

AIM

To compare caregiver' self-report of oral diseases, hygiene practices and utilization of routine dental care, between HIV-infected (HIV), HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU), and HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) children in Kenya.

DESIGN

This nested cross-sectional study was conducted at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Caregivers of 196 children (104 HIV-infected, 55 HEU, and 37 HUU) participated in this study. Using a validated questionnaire from the WHO and photographs of HIV-related oral lesions, we collected data on oral diseases and oral health practices.

RESULTS

Caregivers of HIV-infected children reported at least one oral disease in their children (42%; HEU [27%]; HUU [17%; P = .008]). Oral candidiasis was the most common disease reported (HIV-infected [24%], HEU [5.5%], and HUU [2.8%; P < .05]). Baseline CD4% was associated with oral candidiasis (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.98). Only 16% of children had ever visited a dentist, and most initiated brushing after 3 years of age (83%). Nearly all (98%) caregivers desired a follow-up oral examination.

CONCLUSIONS

HIV infection/exposure and low CD4% were associated with increased odds of oral diseases. Most caregivers desired a follow-up oral examination for their children.

摘要

背景

仅有少数针对艾滋病毒暴露未感染儿童（与艾滋病毒感染儿童一样，这些儿童的免疫功能发生改变，且在围产期有药物暴露史）的口腔健康研究。

目的

比较肯尼亚艾滋病毒感染（HIV）、艾滋病毒暴露未感染（HEU）和未暴露于 HIV 的未感染（HUU）儿童的照顾者对口腔疾病、口腔卫生习惯和常规牙科护理利用情况的自述。

设计

本研究为嵌套式横断面研究，在肯尼亚内罗毕的肯雅塔国家医院进行。研究纳入了 196 名儿童的照顾者（104 名 HIV 感染、55 名 HEU 和 37 名 HUU），使用来自世界卫生组织（WHO）的经过验证的问卷和与 HIV 相关的口腔病变照片，我们收集了口腔疾病和口腔卫生习惯的数据。

结果

HIV 感染儿童的照顾者报告称其子女至少有一种口腔疾病（42%；HEU [27%]；HUU [17%]；P=0.008）。最常见的口腔疾病是口腔念珠菌病（HIV 感染 [24%]、HEU [5.5%]和 HUU [2.8%]；P<0.05）。基线 CD4%与口腔念珠菌病相关（OR=0.93，95%CI：0.88-0.98）。仅有 16%的儿童曾看过牙医，且大多数是在 3 岁后开始刷牙（83%）。几乎所有（98%）照顾者都希望对子女进行后续口腔检查。