Lauritano Dorina, Moreo Giulia, Oberti Luca, Lucchese Alberta, Di Stasio Dario, Conese Massimo, Carinci Francesco
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Neuroscience of Milan, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania-Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy.
Pathogens. 2020 Jan 31;9(2):88. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9020088.
The number of pediatric patients affected by HIV still remains high, mainly in developing countries, where the main cause of infection is vertical transmission from the mother. Even today, a large number of these children do not have access to treatment, and, without proper care, they die in the first few years of life. The aim of our review was to assess the prevalence of oral hard and soft tissue lesions in HIV-positive pediatric patients by identifying the most common manifestations and the overall impact that they may have on the children's quality of life. A systematic review of the articles in the English language in PubMed and Scopus was conducted in March 2019 in order to identify the main epidemiological and cross-sectional studies on the topic. Oral diseases are still one of the most common manifestations in HIV-positive pediatric patients, and they often represent the first form in which immunosuppression shows itself. An analysis of the literature shows that candidiasis is the most common oral lesion found in HIV-positive children. A significant incidence of gingivitis and gingival disease is also evident, though not strictly correlated to HIV infection. However, thanks to the introduction of new antiretroviral therapies, the incidence of HIV-related oral lesions is decreasing. An HIV-positive children care program should also include dental protocols, as oral disease negatively influences the quality of life, affecting both functional and social aspects.
受艾滋病毒影响的儿科患者数量仍然居高不下，主要集中在发展中国家，这些国家感染的主要原因是母婴垂直传播。即使在今天，仍有大量此类儿童无法获得治疗，并且在缺乏适当护理的情况下，他们会在生命的最初几年死亡。我们此次综述的目的是通过确定最常见的表现形式以及它们可能对儿童生活质量产生的总体影响，来评估艾滋病毒呈阳性的儿科患者口腔软硬组织病变的患病率。2019年3月，我们对PubMed和Scopus数据库中英语文章进行了系统综述，以确定关于该主题的主要流行病学和横断面研究。口腔疾病仍然是艾滋病毒呈阳性的儿科患者最常见的表现之一，并且它们常常是免疫抑制最初显现的形式。文献分析表明，念珠菌病是在艾滋病毒呈阳性儿童中发现的最常见口腔病变。牙龈炎和牙龈疾病的发病率也很高，尽管它们与艾滋病毒感染并非严格相关。然而，由于新抗逆转录病毒疗法的引入，与艾滋病毒相关的口腔病变发病率正在下降。针对艾滋病毒呈阳性儿童的护理计划也应包括牙科诊疗方案，因为口腔疾病会对生活质量产生负面影响，在功能和社交方面都会造成影响。
