Strick Madelijn, Stoeckart Peter F, Dijksterhuis Ap
Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Conscious Cogn. 2015 Nov;36:206-18. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.07.001. Epub 2015 Jul 10.
It is a common research finding that conscious thought helps people to avoid racial discrimination. These three experiments, however, illustrate that conscious thought may increase biased face memory, which leads to increased judgment bias (i.e., preferring White to Black individuals). In Experiments 1 and 2, university students formed impressions of Black and White housemate candidates. They judged the candidates either immediately (immediate decision condition), thought about their judgments for a few minutes (conscious thought condition), or performed an unrelated task for a few minutes (unconscious thought condition). Conscious thinkers and immediate decision-makers showed a stronger face memory bias than unconscious thinkers, and this mediated increased judgment bias, although not all results were significant. Experiment 3 used a new, different paradigm and showed that a Black male was remembered as darker after a period of conscious thought than after a period of unconscious thought. Implications for racial prejudice are discussed.
一项常见的研究发现是，有意识的思考有助于人们避免种族歧视。然而，这三项实验表明，有意识的思考可能会增加对面孔的记忆偏差，从而导致判断偏差增加（即，比起黑人，更喜欢白人）。在实验1和实验2中，大学生对黑人和白人室友候选人形成印象。他们要么立即对候选人进行判断（即时决策条件），要么对自己的判断思考几分钟（有意识思考条件），要么执行一项不相关的任务几分钟（无意识思考条件）。有意识思考者和即时决策者表现出比无意识思考者更强的面孔记忆偏差，这介导了判断偏差的增加，尽管并非所有结果都具有显著性。实验3使用了一种新的、不同的范式，结果表明，经过一段时间的有意识思考后，人们对一名黑人男性的肤色记忆比经过一段时间的无意识思考后更深。本文讨论了该研究对种族偏见的影响。
