Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban ITS, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou #2, Nanjing 210096, China.
Guangxi Hualan Design & Consulting Group, Hua Dong Lu #39, Nanning 530011, China.
Accid Anal Prev. 2016 Oct;95(Pt B):438-447. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.001. Epub 2015 Jul 9.
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of parallelogram-shaped pavement markings on vehicle speed and crashes in the vicinity of urban pedestrian crosswalks. The research team measured speed data at twelve sites, and crash data at eleven sites. Observational cross-sectional studies were conducted to identify if the effects of parallelogram-shaped pavement markings on vehicle speeds and speed violations were statistically significant. The results showed that parallelogram-shaped pavement markings significantly reduced vehicle speeds and speed violations in the vicinity of pedestrian crosswalks. More specifically, the speed reduction effects varied from 1.89km/h to 4.41km/h with an average of 3.79km/h. The reduction in the 85th percentile speed varied from 0.81km/h to 5.34km/h with an average of 4.19km/h. Odds ratios (OR) showed that the parallelogram-shaped pavement markings had effects of a 7.1% reduction in the mean speed and a 6.9% reduction in the 85th percentile speed at the pedestrian crosswalks. The reduction of proportion of drivers exceeding the speed limit varied from 8.64% to 14.15% with an average of 11.03%. The results of the crash data analysis suggested that the use of parallelogram-shaped pavement markings reduced both the frequency and severity of crashes at pedestrian crosswalks. The parallelogram-shaped pavement markings had a significant effect on reducing the vehicle-pedestrian crashes. Two crash prediction models were developed for vehicle-pedestrian crashes and rear-end crashes. According to the crash models, the presence of parallelogram-shaped pavement markings reduced vehicle-pedestrian crashes at pedestrian crosswalks by 24.87% with a 95% confidence interval of [10.06-30.78%]. However, the model results also showed that the presence of parallelogram-shaped pavement markings increased rear-end crashes at pedestrian crosswalks by 5.4% with a 95% confidence interval of [0-11.2%].
本研究的主要目的是评估在城市行人横道附近使用平行四边形路面标记对车辆速度和碰撞的影响。研究小组在 12 个地点测量了速度数据，在 11 个地点测量了碰撞数据。进行了观察性横断面研究，以确定平行四边形路面标记对车辆速度和超速的影响是否具有统计学意义。结果表明，平行四边形路面标记显著降低了行人横道附近车辆的速度和超速行为。具体来说，速度降低效果从 1.89km/h 到 4.41km/h 不等，平均为 3.79km/h。85%位速度的降低范围从 0.81km/h 到 5.34km/h，平均为 4.19km/h。比值比（OR）表明，平行四边形路面标记在行人横道处对平均速度的降低有 7.1%的影响，对 85%位速度的降低有 6.9%的影响。超过限速的驾驶员比例从 8.64%到 14.15%不等，平均为 11.03%。碰撞数据分析的结果表明，使用平行四边形路面标记减少了行人横道处的碰撞频率和严重程度。平行四边形路面标记对减少车辆-行人碰撞有显著影响。为车辆-行人碰撞和追尾碰撞开发了两个碰撞预测模型。根据碰撞模型，平行四边形路面标记的存在使行人横道处的车辆-行人碰撞减少了 24.87%，置信区间为[10.06-30.78%]。然而，模型结果还表明，平行四边形路面标记的存在增加了行人横道处的追尾碰撞 5.4%，置信区间为[0-11.2%]。
