El Haj Mohamad, Antoine Pascal, Nandrino Jean Louis, Kapogiannis Dimitrios
Laboratoire SCALab UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, France.
Laboratoire SCALab UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, France.
Ageing Res Rev. 2015 Sep;23(Pt B):183-92. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.07.001. Epub 2015 Jul 10.
Autobiographical memory, or memory for personal experiences, allows individuals to define themselves and construct a meaningful life story. Decline of this ability, as observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD), results in an impaired sense of self and identity. In our model (AMAD: Autobiographical Memory in Alzheimer's Disease), we present a critical review of theories and findings regarding cognitive and neuroanatomical underpinnings of autobiographical memory and its decline in AD and highlight studies on its clinical rehabilitation. We propose that autobiographical recall in AD is mainly characterized by loss of associated episodic information, which leads to de-contextualization of autobiographical memories and a shift from reliving past events to a general sense of familiarity. This decline refers to retrograde, but also anterograde amnesia that affects newly acquired memories besides remote ones. One consequence of autobiographical memory decline in AD is decreased access to memories that shape self-consciousness, self-knowledge, and self-images, leading to a diminished sense of self and identity. The link between autobiographical decline and compromised sense of self in AD can also manifest itself as low correspondence and coherence between past memories and current goals and beliefs. By linking cognitive, neuroanatomical, and clinical aspects of autobiographical decline in AD, our review provides a theoretical foundation, which may lead to better rehabilitation strategies.
自传体记忆，即对个人经历的记忆，使个体能够定义自我并构建有意义的人生故事。正如在阿尔茨海默病（AD）中所观察到的，这种能力的衰退会导致自我意识和身份认同受损。在我们的模型（AMAD：阿尔茨海默病中的自传体记忆）中，我们对有关自传体记忆的认知和神经解剖学基础及其在AD中的衰退的理论和研究结果进行了批判性综述，并强调了其临床康复方面的研究。我们提出，AD中的自传体回忆主要表现为相关情节信息的丧失，这导致自传体记忆的去情境化，并从重温过去的事件转变为一种普遍的熟悉感。这种衰退既指逆行性遗忘，也指顺行性遗忘，它不仅影响远期记忆，还影响新获得的记忆。AD中自传体记忆衰退的一个后果是，塑造自我意识、自我认知和自我形象的记忆的可及性降低，从而导致自我意识和身份认同感减弱。AD中自传体记忆衰退与自我意识受损之间的联系还可能表现为过去记忆与当前目标和信念之间的低对应性和连贯性。通过将AD中自传体记忆衰退的认知、神经解剖学和临床方面联系起来，我们的综述提供了一个理论基础，这可能会带来更好的康复策略。
