包膜尿素和脲酶硝化抑制剂对密西西比河三角洲地区亚热带棉田氨和温室气体排放的应用效果。
Application effects of coated urea and urease and nitrification inhibitors on ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from a subtropical cotton field of the Mississippi delta region.
机构信息
College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Nov 15;533:329-38. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.147. Epub 2015 Jul 11.
Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects both ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that have implications in air quality and global warming potential. Different cropping systems practice varying N fertilizations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of applications of polymer-coated urea and urea treated with N process inhibitors: NBPT [N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide], urease inhibitor, and DCD [Dicyandiamide], nitrification inhibitor, on NH3 and GHG emissions from a cotton production system in the Mississippi delta region. A two-year field experiment consisting of five treatments including the Check (unfertilized), urea, polymer-coated urea (ESN), urea+NBPT, and urea+DCD was conducted over 2013 and 2014 in a Cancienne loam (Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, hyperthermic Fluvaquentic Epiaquepts). Ammonia and GHG samples were collected using active and passive chamber methods, respectively, and characterized. The results showed that the N loss to the atmosphere following urea-N application was dominated by a significantly higher emission of N2O-N than NH3-N and the most N2O-N and NH3-N emissions were during the first 30-50 days. Among different N treatments compared to regular urea, NBPT was the most effective in reducing NH3-N volatilization (by 58-63%), whereas DCD the most significant in mitigating N2O-N emissions (by 75%). Polymer-coated urea (ESN) and NBPT also significantly reduced N2O-N losses (both by 52%) over urea. The emission factors (EFs) for urea, ESN, urea-NBPT, urea+DCD were 1.9%, 1.0%, 0.2%, 0.8% for NH3-N, and 8.3%, 3.4%, 3.9%, 1.0% for N2O-N, respectively. There were no significant effects of different N treatments on CO2-C and CH4-C fluxes. Overall both of these N stabilizers and polymer-coated urea could be used as a mitigation strategy for reducing N2O emission while urease inhibitor NBPT for reducing NH3 emission in the subtropical cotton production system of the Mississippi delta region.
氮（N）施肥会影响氨气（NH3）和温室气体（GHG）的排放，从而对空气质量和全球变暖潜势产生影响。不同的种植系统采用不同的 N 施肥方式。本研究旨在调查聚合物包膜尿素和经 N 过程抑制剂处理的尿素（NBPT[N-（正丁基）硫代磷酰三酰胺]，脲酶抑制剂和 DCD[双氰胺]，硝化抑制剂）在密西西比三角洲地区棉花生产系统中对 NH3 和 GHG 排放的影响。2013 年和 2014 年在 Cancienne 壤土（细砂，混合，超活性，非酸性，高温 Fluvaquentic Epiaquepts）上进行了为期两年的田间试验，该试验包括 5 种处理，包括对照（未施肥）、尿素、聚合物包膜尿素（ESN）、尿素+NBPT 和尿素+DCD。采用主动和被动室方法分别收集氨和 GHG 样品并进行了特征描述。结果表明，尿素-N 施用于土壤后，大气中 N 损失主要由 N2O-N 的排放显著高于 NH3-N 引起，而 N2O-N 和 NH3-N 的排放量最大在最初的 30-50 天内。与常规尿素相比，在不同的 N 处理中，NBPT 在减少 NH3-N 挥发方面最为有效（减少 58-63%），而 DCD 在减少 N2O-N 排放方面最为显著（减少 75%）。聚合物包膜尿素（ESN）和 NBPT 也显著降低了尿素的 N2O-N 损失（均减少 52%）。尿素、ESN、尿素-NBPT、尿素+DCD 的排放因子（EF）分别为 NH3-N 的 1.9%、1.0%、0.2%和 0.8%，N2O-N 的 8.3%、3.4%、3.9%和 1.0%。不同 N 处理对 CO2-C 和 CH4-C 通量没有显著影响。总体而言，这些 N 稳定剂和聚合物包膜尿素都可以作为减少 N2O 排放的缓解策略，而脲酶抑制剂 NBPT 则可以作为减少密西西比三角洲地区亚热带棉花生产系统中 NH3 排放的缓解策略。
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