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城市青少年的自评健康状况:年龄、性别及其相关因素的作用

Self-Rated Health among Urban Adolescents: The Roles of Age, Gender, and Their Associated Factors.

作者信息

Meireles Adriana Lúcia, Xavier César Coelho, de Souza Andrade Amanda Cristina, Proietti Fernando Augusto, Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira

机构信息

Nutrition, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Observatory for Urban Health of Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Observatory for Urban Health of Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Medicine, Faculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana, Vespasiano, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2015 Jul 15;10(7):e0132254. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132254. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Health status is often analyzed in population surveys. Self-rated health (SRH) is a single-item summary measure of the perception of one's health. In Brazil, studies on the SRH of adolescents remain scarce, especially those aiming to understand the domains that compose this construct. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of poor SRH and its associated factors among 11- to 13-year-olds and 14- to 17-year-olds living in a large urban center in Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted using a household survey across Belo Horizonte that included 1,042 adolescents. Stratified logistic regression models were used for each age group to assess the associations between worse SRH and the following variables: socio-demographic, social and family support, lifestyles, psychological health, and anthropometry. Approximately 11% (95% CIs = 8.7-13.6) of the studied adolescents rated their health as poor, and SHR decreased with age among males and females. This trend was more pronounced among girls (from 6.9% among 11- to 13-year-old girls to 16.9% among 14- to 17-year-old girls) than boys (from 8.3% among 11- to 13-year-old boys to 11% among 14- to 17-year-old boys). Worse SRH was associated with family support (as assessed by the absence of parent-adolescent conversations; odds ratio [OR] = 3.5 among 11- to 13-year-olds), family structure (OR = 2.8 among 14- to 17-year-olds), and argument reporting (OR = 8.2 among 14- to 17-year-olds). Among older adolescents, the consumption of fruit fewer than five times per week (OR = 2.4), life dissatisfaction (OR = 2.8), underweight status (OR = 6.7), and overweight status (OR = 2.7) were associated with poor SRH. As adolescents age, their universe expands from their relationship with their parents to include more complex issues, such as their lifestyles and life satisfaction. Therefore, these results suggest the importance of evaluating SRH across adolescent age groups and demonstrate the influence of the family environment (in addition to other factors) on negative health assessments, particularly among 14- to 17-year-olds.

摘要

在人口调查中,健康状况常被分析。自我评估健康状况(SRH)是对个人健康认知的单项汇总指标。在巴西,针对青少年SRH的研究仍然很少,尤其是那些旨在了解构成这一概念的各个领域的研究。因此,本研究的目的是确定居住在巴西一个大型城市中心的11至13岁和14至17岁青少年中SRH较差的患病率及其相关因素。这项横断面研究是通过对贝洛奥里藏特市进行的一项家庭调查开展的,共纳入了1042名青少年。对每个年龄组使用分层逻辑回归模型来评估较差的SRH与以下变量之间的关联:社会人口统计学、社会和家庭支持、生活方式、心理健康和人体测量学。约11%(95%置信区间=8.7-13.6)的被研究青少年将自己的健康状况评为较差,且男性和女性的SRH均随年龄增长而下降。这种趋势在女孩中(从11至13岁女孩中的6.9%到14至17岁女孩中的16.9%)比男孩中(从11至13岁男孩中的8.3%到14至17岁男孩中的11%)更为明显。较差的SRH与家庭支持(通过缺乏父母与青少年的交谈来评估;11至13岁青少年的优势比[OR]=3.5)、家庭结构(14至17岁青少年的OR=2.8)以及争吵报告(14至17岁青少年的OR=8.2)相关。在年龄较大的青少年中,每周食用水果少于五次(OR=2.4)、生活不满意(OR=2.8)、体重过轻状况(OR=6.7)和超重状况(OR=2.7)与较差的SRH相关。随着青少年年龄的增长,他们的世界从与父母的关系扩展到包括更复杂的问题,如他们的生活方式和生活满意度。因此,这些结果表明评估不同年龄组青少年SRH的重要性,并证明了家庭环境(除其他因素外)对负面健康评估的影响,尤其是在14至17岁的青少年中。

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