偶然的厌恶是否会放大道德判断?实验证据的元分析综述。

Does Incidental Disgust Amplify Moral Judgment? A Meta-Analytic Review of Experimental Evidence.

机构信息

University of Pennsylvania

University of Pennsylvania.

出版信息

Perspect Psychol Sci. 2015 Jul;10(4):518-36. doi: 10.1177/1745691615583128.

Abstract

The role of emotion in moral judgment is currently a topic of much debate in moral psychology. One specific claim made by many researchers is that irrelevant feelings of disgust can amplify the severity of moral condemnation. Numerous researchers have found this effect, but there have also been several published failures to replicate it. Clarifying this issue would inform important theoretical debates among rival accounts of moral judgment. We meta-analyzed all available studies--published and unpublished--in which incidental disgust was manipulated prior to or concurrent with a moral judgment task (k = 50). We found evidence for a small amplification effect of disgust (d = 0.11), which is strongest for gustatory/olfactory modes of disgust induction. However, there is also some suggestion of publication bias in this literature, and when this is accounted for, the effect disappears entirely (d = -0.01). Moreover, prevalent confounds mean that the effect size that we estimate is best interpreted as an upper bound on the size of the amplification effect. On the basis of the results of this meta-analysis, we argue against strong claims about the causal role of affect in moral judgment and suggest a need for new, more rigorous research on this topic.

摘要

情感在道德判断中的作用是道德心理学中一个备受争议的话题。许多研究人员提出的一个具体观点是,无关的厌恶感可以放大道德谴责的严重程度。许多研究人员已经发现了这种效应,但也有一些已发表的研究未能复制这种效应。澄清这个问题将为道德判断的各种竞争理论提供重要的理论依据。我们对所有已发表和未发表的、在道德判断任务之前或同时操纵偶然厌恶感的研究进行了元分析(k = 50)。我们发现厌恶感确实有轻微的放大效应(d = 0.11),在味觉/嗅觉厌恶感诱发模式中效应最强。然而,这一文献中也存在一些出版偏差的迹象,当考虑到这一点时,该效应完全消失(d = -0.01)。此外,普遍存在的混淆意味着我们估计的效应大小最好被解释为放大效应的上限。基于这项元分析的结果,我们反对关于情感在道德判断中因果作用的强烈主张,并认为需要对这一主题进行新的、更严格的研究。

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