Laurent Sean M, Li Jieming
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.
Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2024 May 23;15:1395439. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1395439. eCollection 2024.
Despite unresolved questions about replicability, a substantial number of studies find that disgust influences and arises from evaluations of immoral behavior and people. Departing from prior emphases, the current research examines a novel, related question: Are people who are viewed as disgusting (i.e., people whose habits seem disgusting) perceived as more immoral than typical or unusual people? Four experiments examined this, also exploring the downstream impacts of moral character judgments. Adults who seemed disgusting were regarded as more immoral for purity and non-purity violations (Experiment 1) and less praiseworthy for prosocial acts (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, an 8-year-old with typical (but seemingly disgusting) habits was rated as "naughtier" and likelier to misbehave than an atypical child who loved vegetables and disliked sweets. Experiment 4 revealed how, when no behavioral information is available, beliefs about target disgust influence beliefs about future behavior, helping explain why seemingly disgusting targets are viewed as more immoral, but not always more punishable for their bad behavior.
尽管关于可重复性的问题尚未解决，但大量研究发现，厌恶会影响对不道德行为和人的评价，同时也源于这种评价。与之前的重点不同，当前的研究考察了一个新颖的相关问题：被视为令人厌恶的人（即习惯看起来令人厌恶的人）是否比普通人或行为不寻常的人被认为更不道德？四项实验对此进行了研究，同时也探讨了道德品质判断的下游影响。看起来令人厌恶的成年人在违反纯洁和非纯洁规范方面被认为更不道德（实验1），在亲社会行为方面获得的赞扬更少（实验2）。在实验3中，一个有典型（但看似令人厌恶）习惯的8岁孩子被评为比一个喜欢蔬菜和不喜欢甜食的非典型孩子“更调皮”，且更有可能行为不端。实验4揭示了，当没有行为信息可用时，关于目标厌恶的信念如何影响对未来行为的信念，这有助于解释为什么看似令人厌恶的目标被视为更不道德，但并不总是因其不良行为而受到更严厉的惩罚。
