Buchheit Martin, Cholley Yannick, Lambert Philippe
Performance Department, Paris Saint-Germain Football Club, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2016 Mar;11(2):176-81. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0135. Epub 2015 Jul 13.
To examine in elite soccer players after traveling across 6 time zones some psychometric and physiological responses to a competitive camp in the heat.
Data from 12 elite professional players (24.6 ± 5.3 y) were analyzed. They participated in an 8-d preseason summer training camp in Asia (heat index 34.9°C ± 2.4°C). Players' activity was collected during all training sessions and the friendly game using 15-Hz GPS. Perceived training/playing load was estimated using session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and training/match duration. Psychometric measures of wellness were collected on awakening before, during, and after the camp using simple questionnaires. Heart-rate (HR) response to a submaximal 4-min run (12 km/h) and the ratio between velocity and force-load (accelerometer-derived measure, a marker of neuromuscular efficiency) response to four ~60-m runs (22-24 km/h) were collected before, at the end of, and after the camp.
After a large increase, the RPE:m/min ratio decreased substantially throughout the camp. There were possible small increases in perceived fatigue and small decreases in subjective sleep quality on the 6th day. There were also likely moderate (3%) decreases in HR response to the submaximal run, both at the end of and after the camp, which were contemporary to possible small (8%) and most likely moderate (~19%) improvements in neuromuscular efficiency, respectively.
Despite transient increases in fatigue and reduced subjective sleep quality by the end of the camp, these elite players showed clear signs of heat acclimatization that were associated with improved cardiovascular fitness and neuromuscular running efficiency.
研究精英足球运动员在跨越6个时区后，对炎热环境下的竞争性训练营的一些心理测量和生理反应。
分析了12名精英职业球员（24.6±5.3岁）的数据。他们参加了在亚洲举行的为期8天的季前夏季训练营（热指数34.9°C±2.4°C）。在所有训练课程和友谊赛期间，使用15赫兹的GPS收集球员的活动数据。使用训练感知 exertion（RPE）和训练/比赛时长来估计感知到的训练/比赛负荷。在训练营开始前、期间和结束后，通过简单问卷收集健康状况的心理测量指标。在训练营开始前、结束时和结束后，收集对次最大强度4分钟跑步（12公里/小时）的心率（HR）反应，以及对四次约60米跑步（22 - 24公里/小时）的速度与力负荷之比（加速度计得出的测量值，神经肌肉效率的一个指标）反应。
在大幅增加之后，整个训练营期间RPE:分钟比率大幅下降。第6天，感知疲劳可能有小幅增加，主观睡眠质量可能有小幅下降。在训练营结束时和结束后，对次最大强度跑步的HR反应也可能有中度（约3%）下降，这分别与神经肌肉效率可能有小幅（约8%）和最可能有中度（约19%）的改善同时出现。
尽管在训练营结束时疲劳有短暂增加且主观睡眠质量下降，但这些精英球员表现出了明显的热适应迹象，这与心血管健康状况改善和神经肌肉跑步效率提高有关。
