水平基因转移：构建生命之网。

Horizontal gene transfer: building the web of life.

机构信息

Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3125, USA.

Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA.

出版信息

Nat Rev Genet. 2015 Aug;16(8):472-82. doi: 10.1038/nrg3962.

DOI:10.1038/nrg3962

PMID:26184597

Abstract

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the sharing of genetic material between organisms that are not in a parent-offspring relationship. HGT is a widely recognized mechanism for adaptation in bacteria and archaea. Microbial antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity are often associated with HGT, but the scope of HGT extends far beyond disease-causing organisms. In this Review, we describe how HGT has shaped the web of life using examples of HGT among prokaryotes, between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and even between multicellular eukaryotes. We discuss replacement and additive HGT, the proposed mechanisms of HGT, selective forces that influence HGT, and the evolutionary impact of HGT on ancestral populations and existing populations such as the human microbiome.

摘要

水平基因转移 (HGT) 是指在没有亲子关系的生物体之间共享遗传物质。HGT 是细菌和古菌适应的一种广泛认可的机制。微生物的抗生素耐药性和致病性通常与 HGT 有关，但 HGT 的范围远远超出了致病生物体。在这篇综述中，我们使用原核生物之间、原核生物和真核生物之间甚至多细胞真核生物之间 HGT 的例子，描述了 HGT 如何塑造生命之网。我们讨论了替代和附加 HGT、HGT 的拟议机制、影响 HGT 的选择压力以及 HGT 对祖先种群和现有种群（如人类微生物组）的进化影响。