Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.
Microbiol Spectr. 2015 Jun;3(3). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MBP-0004-2014.
Pathogenic bacteria must contend with immune systems that actively restrict the availability of nutrients and cofactors, and create a hostile growth environment. To deal with these hostile environments, pathogenic bacteria have evolved or acquired virulence determinants that aid in the acquisition of nutrients. This connection between pathogenesis and nutrition may explain why regulators of metabolism in nonpathogenic bacteria are used by pathogenic bacteria to regulate both metabolism and virulence. Such coordinated regulation is presumably advantageous because it conserves carbon and energy by aligning synthesis of virulence determinants with the nutritional environment. In Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, at least three metabolite-responsive global regulators, CcpA, CodY, and Rex, have been shown to coordinate the expression of metabolism and virulence genes. In this chapter, we discuss how environmental challenges alter metabolism, the regulators that respond to this altered metabolism, and how these regulators influence the host-pathogen interaction.
病原菌必须应对积极限制营养物质和辅助因子可用性并创造恶劣生长环境的免疫系统。为了应对这些恶劣环境，病原菌已经进化或获得了有助于获取营养物质的毒力决定因子。这种发病机制和营养之间的联系可以解释为什么非病原菌中代谢调节剂被病原菌用于调节代谢和毒力。这种协调调节可能是有利的，因为它通过将毒力决定因子的合成与营养环境相匹配来节省碳和能量。在革兰氏阳性细菌病原体中，已经证明至少有三种代谢物响应的全局调节剂 CcpA、CodY 和 Rex 可以协调代谢和毒力基因的表达。在本章中，我们将讨论环境挑战如何改变代谢、响应这种改变代谢的调节剂以及这些调节剂如何影响宿主-病原体相互作用。
