Kolderup Astrid, Svihus Birger
Faculty of Public Health, Hedmark University College, P.O. Box 400, 2418 Elverum, Norway.
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Aas, Norway.
J Nutr Metab. 2015;2015:823081. doi: 10.1155/2015/823081. Epub 2015 Jun 14.
A high intake of sugars has been linked to diet-induced health problems. The fructose content in sugars consumed may also affect health, although the extent to which fructose has a particularly significant negative impact on health remains controversial. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the body's fructose management and to discuss the role of fructose as a risk factor for atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Despite some positive effects of fructose, such as high relative sweetness, high thermogenic effect, and low glycaemic index, a high intake of fructose, particularly when combined with glucose, can, to a larger extent than a similar glucose intake, lead to metabolic changes in the liver. Increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and thus altered blood lipid profile, seems to be the most prominent change. More studies with realistic consumption levels of fructose are needed, but current literature does not indicate that a normal consumption of fructose (approximately 50-60 g/day) increases the risk of atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, or obesity more than consumption of other sugars. However, a high intake of fructose, particularly if combined with a high energy intake in the form of glucose/starch, may have negative health effects via DNL.
高糖摄入与饮食引起的健康问题有关。所摄入糖类中的果糖含量也可能影响健康，尽管果糖对健康产生特别显著负面影响的程度仍存在争议。本叙述性综述的目的是描述人体对果糖的代谢管理，并讨论果糖作为动脉粥样硬化、2型糖尿病和肥胖症风险因素的作用。尽管果糖有一些积极作用，如相对甜度高、产热效应高和血糖指数低，但高果糖摄入，尤其是与葡萄糖同时摄入时，比摄入类似量的葡萄糖在更大程度上会导致肝脏代谢变化。从头脂肪生成（DNL）增加，进而改变血脂谱，似乎是最显著的变化。需要更多关于实际果糖消费水平的研究，但目前的文献并未表明，正常摄入果糖（约50 - 60克/天）比摄入其他糖类更易增加动脉粥样硬化、2型糖尿病或肥胖症的风险。然而，高果糖摄入，特别是如果与以葡萄糖/淀粉形式存在的高能量摄入相结合，可能通过DNL对健康产生负面影响。
