Toop Carla R, Muhlhausler Beverly S, O'Dea Kerin, Gentili Sheridan
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
J Physiol. 2017 Jul 1;595(13):4379-4398. doi: 10.1113/JP274066. Epub 2017 May 26.
Fructose-containing sugars, including sucrose and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), have been implicated in the epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Few studies have evaluated the impact of perinatal exposure to these sugars on metabolic and physiological outcomes in the offspring. Using a rat model, offspring exposed to a maternal sucrose or HFCS diet during the prenatal and/or suckling periods were found to have altered adiposity and liver fat content and composition at weaning. Plasma levels of free fatty acids remained elevated in young adulthood, but consumption of a control diet following weaning appeared to ameliorate most other effects of perinatal exposure to a maternal high-sugar diet. Guidelines for maternal nutrition should advise limiting consumption of fructose-containing sugars, and it is particularly important that these recommendations include maternal nutrition during lactation.
Perinatal exposure to excess maternal intake of added sugars, including fructose and sucrose, is associated with an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adult life. However, it is unknown to what extent the type of sugar and the timing of exposure affect these outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of exposure to maternal consumption of a 10% (w/v) beverage containing sucrose or high fructose corn syrup-55 (HFCS-55) during the prenatal and/or suckling periods on offspring at 3 and 12 weeks, utilising a cross-fostering approach in a rodent model. Perinatal sucrose exposure decreased plasma glucose concentrations in offspring at 3 weeks, but did not alter glucose tolerance. Increased adiposity was observed in 3-week-old offspring exposed to sucrose or HFCS-55 during suckling, with increased hepatic fat content in HFCS-55-exposed offspring. In terms of specific fatty acids, hepatic monounsaturated (omega-7 and -9) fatty acid content was elevated at weaning, and was most pronounced in sucrose offspring exposed during both the prenatal and suckling periods, and HFCS-55 offspring exposed during suckling only. By 12 weeks, the effects on adiposity and hepatic lipid composition were largely normalised. However, exposure to either sucrose or HFCS-55 during the prenatal period only was associated with elevated plasma free fatty acids at weaning, and this effect persisted until 12 weeks. This study suggests that the type of sugar and the timing of exposure (prenatal or suckling periods) are both important for determining the impact on metabolic health outcomes in the offspring.
含果糖的糖类，包括蔗糖和高果糖玉米糖浆（HFCS），被认为与肥胖和2型糖尿病的流行有关。很少有研究评估围产期暴露于这些糖类对后代代谢和生理结果的影响。使用大鼠模型，发现在产前和/或哺乳期暴露于母体蔗糖或HFCS饮食的后代在断奶时脂肪量、肝脏脂肪含量和组成发生了改变。在成年早期，血浆游离脂肪酸水平仍然升高，但断奶后食用对照饮食似乎改善了围产期暴露于母体高糖饮食的大多数其他影响。孕产妇营养指南应建议限制含果糖糖类的摄入，特别重要的是，这些建议应包括哺乳期的孕产妇营养。
围产期暴露于母体过量摄入的添加糖，包括果糖和蔗糖，与成年后患肥胖症和2型糖尿病的风险增加有关。然而，糖类的类型和暴露时间在多大程度上影响这些结果尚不清楚。本研究的目的是利用啮齿动物模型中的交叉寄养方法，确定产前和/或哺乳期暴露于母体食用含10%（w/v）蔗糖或高果糖玉米糖浆-55（HFCS-55）饮料对3周龄和12周龄后代的影响。围产期蔗糖暴露使3周龄后代的血浆葡萄糖浓度降低，但未改变葡萄糖耐量。在哺乳期暴露于蔗糖或HFCS-55的3周龄后代中观察到肥胖增加，在暴露于HFCS-55的后代中肝脏脂肪含量增加。就特定脂肪酸而言，断奶时肝脏单不饱和（ω-7和-9）脂肪酸含量升高，在产前和哺乳期均暴露的蔗糖后代以及仅在哺乳期暴露的HFCS-55后代中最为明显。到12周时，对肥胖和肝脏脂质组成的影响在很大程度上恢复正常。然而，仅在产前暴露于蔗糖或HFCS-55与断奶时血浆游离脂肪酸升高有关，这种影响一直持续到12周。这项研究表明，糖类的类型和暴露时间（产前或哺乳期）对于确定对后代代谢健康结果的影响都很重要。
