创造力与记忆：情景特异性诱导对发散性思维的影响。
Creativity and Memory: Effects of an Episodic-Specificity Induction on Divergent Thinking.
作者信息
Madore Kevin P, Addis Donna Rose, Schacter Daniel L
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Harvard University Center for Brain Science, Harvard University
School of Psychology, The University of Auckland Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland.
出版信息
Psychol Sci. 2015 Sep;26(9):1461-8. doi: 10.1177/0956797615591863. Epub 2015 Jul 23.
People produce more episodic details when imagining future events and solving means-end problems after receiving an episodic-specificity induction-brief training in recollecting details of a recent event-than after receiving a control induction not focused on episodic retrieval. Here we show for the first time that an episodic-specificity induction also enhances divergent creative thinking. In Experiment 1, participants exhibited a selective boost on a divergent-thinking task (generating unusual uses of common objects) after a specificity induction compared with a control induction; by contrast, performance following the two inductions was similar on an object association task thought to involve little divergent thinking. In Experiment 2, we replicated the specificity-induction effect on divergent thinking using a different control induction, and also found that participants performed similarly on a convergent-thinking task following the two inductions. These experiments provide novel evidence that episodic memory is involved in divergent creative thinking.
与接受不聚焦于情景检索的对照诱导相比，人们在接受情景特异性诱导（即关于回忆近期事件细节的简短训练）后想象未来事件并解决手段-目的问题时，会产生更多的情景细节。我们首次在此表明，情景特异性诱导还能增强发散性创造性思维。在实验1中，与对照诱导相比，参与者在接受特异性诱导后，在发散性思维任务（生成常见物体的不寻常用途）上表现出选择性提升；相比之下，在被认为几乎不涉及发散性思维的物体联想任务中，两种诱导后的表现相似。在实验2中，我们使用不同的对照诱导重复了特异性诱导对发散性思维的影响，并且还发现参与者在两种诱导后的聚合性思维任务中表现相似。这些实验提供了新的证据，表明情景记忆与发散性创造性思维有关。
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