Lu Guangwen, Wang Qihui, Gao George F
CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Trends Microbiol. 2015 Aug;23(8):468-78. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.06.003. Epub 2015 Jul 21.
Both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are zoonotic pathogens that crossed the species barriers to infect humans. The mechanism of viral interspecies transmission is an important scientific question to be addressed. These coronaviruses contain a surface-located spike (S) protein that initiates infection by mediating receptor-recognition and membrane fusion and is therefore a key factor in host specificity. In addition, the S protein needs to be cleaved by host proteases before executing fusion, making these proteases a second determinant of coronavirus interspecies infection. Here, we summarize the progress made in the past decade in understanding the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV by focusing on the features of the S protein, its receptor-binding characteristics, and the cleavage process involved in priming.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）都是跨越物种屏障感染人类的人畜共患病原体。病毒跨物种传播的机制是一个有待解决的重要科学问题。这些冠状病毒含有一种位于表面的刺突（S）蛋白，该蛋白通过介导受体识别和膜融合来启动感染，因此是宿主特异性的关键因素。此外，S蛋白在执行融合之前需要被宿主蛋白酶切割，这使得这些蛋白酶成为冠状病毒跨物种感染的第二个决定因素。在这里，我们通过关注S蛋白的特征、其受体结合特性以及引发过程中涉及的切割过程，总结了过去十年在理解SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV跨物种传播方面取得的进展。
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