Ben-Horin Tal, Bidegain Gorka, Huey Lauren, Narvaez Diego A, Bushek David
Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 6959 Miller Ave, Port Norris, NJ 08349, United States.
Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, United States.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2015 Oct;131:155-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.07.006. Epub 2015 Jul 23.
Suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs are confronted with a wide range of materials in the benthic marine environment. These materials include various sized plankton and the organic material derived from it, macroalgae, detritus and a diversity of microbial parasites that have adapted life stages to survive in the water column. For bivalve parasites to infect hosts though, they must first survive and remain infectious in the water column to make initial contact with hosts, and once in contact, enter and overcome elaborate pathways for particle sorting and selection. Even past these defenses, bivalve parasites are challenged with efficient systems of mechanical and chemical digestion and highly evolved systems of innate immunity. Here we review how bivalve parasites evade these hurdles to complete their life cycles and establish within bivalve hosts. We broadly cover significant viral, bacterial, and protozoan parasites of marine bivalve molluscs, and illustrate the emergent properties of these host-parasite systems where parasite transmission occurs through suspension feeding.
悬浮取食的双壳贝类软体动物在底栖海洋环境中面临着各种各样的物质。这些物质包括各种大小的浮游生物及其衍生的有机物质、大型藻类、碎屑以及多种微生物寄生虫，它们具有适应在水柱中生存的生命阶段。然而，对于双壳贝类寄生虫来说，要感染宿主，它们必须首先在水柱中存活并保持传染性，以便与宿主进行初次接触，一旦接触，就要进入并克服复杂的颗粒分类和选择途径。即使越过了这些防御机制，双壳贝类寄生虫仍面临着高效的机械和化学消化系统以及高度进化的先天免疫系统的挑战。在这里，我们回顾双壳贝类寄生虫如何避开这些障碍来完成其生命周期并在双壳贝类宿主体内定殖。我们广泛涵盖了海洋双壳贝类软体动物的重要病毒、细菌和原生动物寄生虫，并阐述了这些宿主 - 寄生虫系统的新特性，其中寄生虫通过悬浮取食进行传播。
